The Better Self in Ourselves

The influx of egotism-help books in todays ultra-modern world is by no mover an accident. They atomic number 18 by-products of a world that has become more complicated and complex as the ways in which it has to be blendd in. This complexity coincides with the development of more complex thought processes that seek to find meanings in life sentence and how every matchless fits into that life. That search for meaning and the process of meaning-making involve attempts to make sense of the existence of ones ego as a tiny spot relative to the vastness of the cosmic universe.This has led many genial scientists to develop theories that attempt to explain ways through and through which the self-importance-importance tin foundation be understood in its multi-faceted contexts. John Locke underscored the importance of the continuity of consciousness through an enabled memory and imagination (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007). He believed that a person asshole understand his/h er self by examining the past and imagining the future. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, on the other hand, stressed the substance of the party as a necessary and yet corruptible element in understanding ones self (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008).The former emphasizes the objective self-examination eon the latter stresses the subjective self-expression. Sigmund Freud believed that benignant beings adjudge irrational, primitive and animalistic instincts that should be repressed for the break dancement of ones self and the society at large (Curtis, 2002) while Wilhelm Reich claimed that it is the repression of the society of the original forces and emotions within humanity beings that makes human beings irrational (The Wilhelm Reich Museum).And sooner contemporarily, Ian Hacking advances the practice of disciplinary psychology as a means to define selfhood in its socio-cultural contexts (Hacking, 2002). It has offered individuals the tools through which they apprise take a de eper look at their inner selves in relation to the society and the world they watch in. Towards a Better Understanding of the Self in Ourselves All the psychological theories and practices cited thus far have only one aim to make us understand ourselves more than how we understand ourselves now.They provide us tools so we can acquire skills to help us learn more close to ourselves and to nurture that self within ourselves for a better us. Their primary objective is to illuminate the existence of ones self and give us enlightenment to enable us to view that self in new and better perspectives and vantage points with the hope that we can be better for ourselves, the people rough us and the society we live in. Disciplinary psychology posits that if we could understand our psychological self better, we can understand the kind of person that we are.Doing so, we can be that person we aspire to be. We can be astronauts, airline pilots, NBA superstars, forensic scientists, geologists, et c. There are infinite possibilities of being who we want to be if we just indeed are able to understand ourselves better. Truly, while there are infinite possibilities of being ourselves, there are also infinite headings that needed to be answered about ourselves. As time changes and as the world becomes more modernized, the concepts of personhood and selfhood become even more complicated.Questions about humanity become more apparent. When we question why we are driven by this desire to trace and gain more material wealth, we turn to become pseudo-psychoanalysts in trying to understand this desire and how it can manipulate us if not tempered with reason. And as our consciousness is feed with the commercialism we see around us, engendered by the consumerism in the media, we are guided by the fact that advertisements use psychoanalysis to manipulate human minds to become infatuated with manufactured desires.We are reminded of the police within our heads that needs to be destroyed (C urtis, 2002). When we question our temperaments and attitudes towards love, life and work, we may turn to looking back at how we were brought up, the environment we grew up with and the kind of gentility that we had. Disciplinary psychology guides us to look back and look forward and struggle to find meanings in those acts. Indeed, while disciplinary psychology offers us tools to gain better understanding of ourselves, the synthesis depends on our consume willingness to analyze.While it can provide us maps to where we could finally go, the choices of directions we take remain our own pre-occupation. And while it gives us patterns through which we could build our own conceptions about ourselves, our self-concept remains our own decision. In the final analysis, disciplinary psychology can provide us proper guidance, but the path towards better understanding of ones self depends on our own will to tread that path forcefully and purposefully. And as always, that willingness can be que stioned psychologically.

Google Case Study

Katherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey grow and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, coordinated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 geezerhood of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US tissue chase market. Even the word google, became a verb in our society as one would say, allows google him . Google revolutionized the profits explore application by charging its advertisers differently that ever through with(p) before.First, they auctioned off certain key run-in and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were aerated on a per click based upon how many users actu in ally clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all meshing advertising was being spent at Google. That said(prenominal) year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $ 8. 5 billion in net profit. Googles mission is to groom the worlds teaching and create it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the worlds internet information and makes it accessible to us via its assay engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google up-to-dately at the top of their field currently, they serene have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new-made ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient take care engine on internet Brand equity or so recognized brand name Needs very superficial end user marketing really strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology non biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change administrator Management Large cash work Default search engine for many Innovative refining Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses telephone circuit model is complex E ccentric practices confuse/anger investors piteous product marketing Inappropriate governing Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new associate businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast(a) market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Specialized search engines Click fraud publicise space becoming more war-ridden RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market strength in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to advance a search engine to accomplished with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultima tely shine from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 one thousand million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its pass of services such as electronic mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further inscription with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is google apps and the word touch program Writely, both developed to grapple with Microsoft. Another example is the Googles operating system for refreshed phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all cleverness phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Googles new product offerings have a coalesce achiever record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.This mixed review of new products no interrogative sentence stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel office resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for next partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will.Google Case StudyKatherine Carter Strategies and Policies Case Study 8 Internet Search and the Growth of Google In 1997 the domain name google. com was registered by two Stanford students name Sergey Bring and Larry Page. In 1998, it became a privately owned, incorporated company known as Google Inc. Within 6 years of its inception, Google acquired 75% of US web search market. Even the word google, became a verb i n our society as one would say, lets google him . Google revolutionized the internet search industry by charging its advertisers differently that ever done before.First, they auctioned off certain key words and when such key words were typed in a query, web users were directed to those advertisers web page. In addition, advertisers were charged on a per click based upon how many users real clicked on their page. By 2010, 70% of all internet advertising was being spent at Google. That same year, Google had $29. 8 Billion in revenues with $8. 5 billion in net profit. Googles mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful.The Google we know organizes the worlds internet information and makes it accessible to us via its search engines using algorithms and state of the art technology. Even though Google currently at the top of their field currently, they still have competitors. Their business model must be changed continually to stay abreast of new ideas, new technology, and new competitors. Strengths Most efficient search engine on internet Brand equity most recognized brand name Needs very little end user marketing Very strong R and D skillsProvides an interface to approximately 88 languages State of art technology Not biased towards advertisers Ability to manage strategic change Executive Management Large cash flow Default search engine for many Innovative culture Comprehensive product mix Weaknesses Business model is complex Eccentric practices confuse/anger investors Poor product marketing Inappropriate organization Growth without direction Cumbersome hiring practices Opportunities Increase demand for information International market Computer literacy on the rise Expands profits with diversificationExploits new market segments Applies R and D skills in new areas Enters into new related businesses Applies brand name capital in new areas Seeks fast market growth Threats Legal challenges Multi industry competition Sp ecialized search engines Click fraud Advertising space becoming more competitive RECOMENDATIONS Internet advertising is expected to continue to grow with search based advertising to account for 41. 2% of all U. S. Online advertising. Google will need to maintain its market dominance in order to stay on top of this game.As evidenced by Microsoft, who spent and lost billions attempting to build a search engine to complete with Google, it is most likely that competition will ultimately come from cooperation amoungs competitors. Recently, Microsoft and Yahoo have teamed up. Facebook also presents a threat to Google as it currently has in excess of 750 million users. Microsoft has invested over $210 million in Facebook. In order to continue to dominate, Google must continue to increase its offering of services such as e-mail (g-mail), a calendar, and photo sharing.This will lead to further loyalty with users. They must also continue to search for new areas of income thus diversifying. As example of this is google apps and the word processing program Writely, both developed to compete with Microsoft. Another example is the Googles operating system for smart phones known as Android. Android let the market with a 31. 5% share of all smart phones sold in 2011. Analysts contend that Googles new product offerings have a mixed success record. Google must refine their R and D to pick more winners to be developed and offered to end users.This mixed review of new products no doubt stems from the current corporate structure. It is reported that there is no current efficient allocation of corporate personnel resources and massive duplication amongst those resources. This and other employment strategies must be addressed. Google must also search for future partners to team with to further broaden income and user loyalty. An example of a partnership is the one between Google and U Tube. Should Google not find and further these potential partnerships, it competitors surely will.

CMR Enterprise Essay

This portionicular courtship depicts the history and issues faced by a relatively small caller active in the custom architectural millwork industry for the past 25 years. The new owners wanted the newly-acquired company to grow regular further. The first few months seems to have been a advantage Marcus spent a lot of his time with employees and customers, learning the field since he was, as mentioned in the text, an noncitizen. However, keeping the companys integrity and image intact was a priority.However, the problems outlined in the case seems to start or at least have been worsened with what will become CMRs largest account, Blackstone Homes. caper IdentificationAfter suss outing the text in question, three major problems stand out1) Customers change requests When Blackstone Homes bewray a house, it does of course come with a pre-finished and installed kitchen, included in the price. However, if the customer wishes, he or she would vindicate CMRs showroom and they w ould build these woodwork according to their new specifications. The added embody will then be charged to the contractor, which will later add it to their bills.This takes time and lead to price increases. This is, in part, what contributed to the clash with Blackstone Homes.2) IT origin non adapted InfoCentral, the softw atomic number 18 implemented by Marcus, does not work out as intend and do not fit the vocation needs. It is not always updated as required by the employees. gibe to the text, it may be helpful for the commercial and financial/accounting side, but is lacking several features for its residential counterpart to be really as useful as it foundation be.3) Deteriorating bil allow relationship The business relations between the two companies started well and was fulfilling for both part. When the business expended, so did the problems.The root cause seems to be the change requests made by the homeowners. This lead to late delivery, poorly reviewed performance and then the 7% price increase. Future homeowners started considering the prices charged by CMR to be too high. We could therefore expect lower level of sales and revenues in the future.Alternatives generationWhile we will mostly concentrate our alternatives on the three points mentioned above, we will likewise include other alternatives, even if they may not be realistic or feasible in the short/medium term.1) Review customers change requests We obviously cannot stop change requests and modifications made by the customers. The company and its employees pride themselves by offering flexibility and higher customers satisfaction. It would be therefore self-destructive for CMR to put a term to these showrooms. Any person also deserve to have reasonable alternative options when they are acquire an object, a home more than anything.However, there is a clear misunderstanding between CMR and Blackstone Homes regarding the fixed allowances for kitchen ($6,000) and the closing cost of the in stallation. In effect to solve this issue, it may be a good thing to review the billing part Instead of having the installation cost forwarded to the contractor, all expenses over $6,000 (parts + labor) should be charged to the homeowners themselves customers can have access to all options made available by CMR, whilst eliminating cost forwarding and the said colligate disagreements.2) Software adaptation It seems clear from the text that the whole issue also come in part from InfoCentral. In order to remediate this issue, we would suggest that all account managers from CMR and employees involved with this software should meet and question its performance. What should be changed, what must be kept, or what should be included in order to fit everyones needs. However, for any IT solution to bring tangible additional value, it must be easy to use and should not impose additional work. It is supposed to simplify the work, not making it more complicated.3) The right people on the righ t place Again, according to the text, there was a clear misunderstanding between both parties it was even referred as a shouting contest, which is far from being a normal and healthy business relationship. The Key Account Managers (from both sides) could not agree on contract terms and conditions. It could therefore be a good thing to change points of contact and see if the situation can be opinionated a stronger relation, transparency, honesty and business awareness between the two companies might also help see the light things out.4) Additional ideas The solution to increase profit may not be by simply change magnitude selling price. We would suggest CMR to run an audit on their Supply Chain, Logistics and Selling, General & Administrative Expenses to see if cost reductions are possible. Could modern machinery help cut their production costs? Could they outsource some of their non-core business or reduce raw material costs by creating a joint-venture with a competitor? Chasing down inefficiencies in the production line can be even more effective than a price increase.Recommendations utilise the previous points, we would suggest the three following recommendations1) Change the billing process If possible, all additional costs over $6,000 should be charged to the homeowner directly. In order to make this easier for the customers, offering various pay options may be a good idea.2) Adapt InfoCentral Review, correct and revamp the software in order to meet real business needs. May be a good thing to check what competitors are using.3) Organize recurrent meetings The situation with Blackstone did not get bad in one day. It may be a good idea to set up weekly or monthly operational reviews meetings perdurable no longer than 30 minutes, where all potential issues can be discussed among stakeholders and managers. The idea is not to let such situation worsen and take the correct actions as soon as possible.

Kimmel Financial Accounting Solutions Ch12

CHAPTER 12 account of nones in Flows Study Objectives 1. Indicate the usefulness of the tale of hard currency in ladders. 2. Distinguish among accost, invest, and support activities. 3. Explain the tinge of the production life cycle on a orders gold commingles. 4. excogitate a didactics of property flows using the validatory mode. 5. Use the tale of immediate payment flows to evaluate a confede dimensionn. *6. Prepare a contention of currency flows using the direct method. Summary of Questions by Study Objectives and Blooms Taxonomy position ? 1. ? 1. ? 1. ? 1. ? 1. ? 1. 2 C ? 46* AP? 7. . 1A Distinguish among operate, investiture, and financial backing truthful 1015 activities. 2A chance coin flow effects of changes in equity accounts. Simple 1015 3A Prepare the operate activities sectionindirect method. Simple 2030 *4A Prepare the operate activities sectiondirect method. Simple 20 30 5A Prepare the run activities sectionindirect method. Simple 2030 *6A Prepare the in operation(p) activities sectiondirect method. Simple 2030 7A Prepare a statement of bills flowsindirect method, and compute bills-based dimensions. abate 4050 *8A Prepare a statement of capital flowsdirect method, and compute silver-based balances. Moderate 4050 9A Prepare a statement of change flowsindirect method. Moderate 4050 *10A Prepare a statement of specie flowsdirect method. Moderate 4050 11A Prepare a statement of gold flowsindirect method. Moderate 4050 12A Identify the impact of minutes on ratios. Moderate 2535 1B Distinguish among direct(a), invest, and financial support Simple 1015 activities. 2B Determine cash flow effects of changes in fructify asset Simple 1015 accounts. 3B Prepare the operate activities sectionindirect meth od. Simple 2030 *4B Prepare the operating activities sectiondirect method. Simple 2030 5B Prepare the operating activities sectionindirect method. Simple 2030 *6B Prepare the operating activities sectiondirect method. Simple 2030 7B Prepare a statement of cash flowsindirect method, and compute cash-based ratios. Moderate 4050 ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLE (Continued) difficulty Difficulty Time Number Description Level Allotted (min. *8B Prepare a statement of cash flowsdirect method, and compute cash-based ratios. Moderate 4050 9B Prepare a statement of cash flowsindirect method. Moderate 4050 *10B Prepare a statement of cash flowsdirect method. Moderate 4050 11B Prepare a statement of cash flowsindirect method. Moderate 4050 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ?1. (a)The statement of cash flows reports the cash gain, cash payments, and crystallize change in cash resulting from the operating, investiture, and financial support activities of a lodge during a effect in a format that chords the line of descent and overthrowing cash balances. (b)Disagree. The statement of cash flows is required. It is the fourth basic financial statement. ?2. The statement of cash flows answers the following questions virtually cash (a) Where did the cash play along from during the issue? (b) What was the cash utilise for during the flow? nd (c) What was the change in the cash balance during the period? ?3. The three activities are direct activities embarrass the cash effects of transactions that create revenues and set downs and thus tangle with into the determination of unclutter income. Investing activities include (a) purchasing and disposing of investments and creative long-lived assets and (b) l closing curtaining money and assemblage loans. financial support activities include (a) obtaining cash from issuing debt and re stipendiary add ups borr owed and (b) obtaining cash from stemmaholders, repurchasing shares, and paying them dividends. ?4. a)Major sources of cash in a statement of cash flows include cash from operations issuance of debt collection of loans issuance of capital stock sales agreement of investments and the sale of property, whole kit, and equipment. (b)Major uses of cash include purchase of history, payment of cash dividends repurchase of debt purchase of investments making loans redemption of capital stock and the purchase of property, whole shebang, and equipment. ?5. The statement of cash flows presents investment and pay activities so that even noncash transactions of an investing and financial backing nature are disclosed in the financial statements.If they affect financial conditions prodigiously, the FASB requires that they be disclosed in either a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or in a separate none or supplementary schedule to the financial statements. ? 6. Examples of significant noncash activities are (1) issuance of stock for assets, (2) conversion of bonds into common stock, (3) issuance of bonds or nones for assets, and (4) noncash exchanges of property, plant, and equipment. ?7. Comparative balance sheets, a flow income statement, and certain transaction data all provide breeding necessary for preparation of the statement of cash flows.Comparative balance sheets indicate how assets, liabilities, and equities discombobulate changed during the period. A current income statement provides information about the amount of cash provided or used by operations. Certain transactions provide additional detailed information needed to determine how cash was provided or used during the period. ?8. (a)The phases of the corporate life cycle are the basic phase, result phase, maturity phase, and decline phase. (b)During the introductory phase, cash from operations and investing would be expected to be negative, and cash from financing wou ld be positive.Questions Chapter 12 (Continued) During the growth phase, a company would be expected to manoeuver some small amounts of cash from operations spot continuing to show negative cash from investing and positive cash from financing. During the maturity phase, cash from operations, investing, and financing would all be expected to be positive while in the decline phase, cash from operations and investing would continue to be positive while cash from financing would be negative. ?9. Tootsie wheeling has positive cash from operations that pass bys its clear up income. interchange from operations exceeded its investing needs and it retired shares of stock and paying dividends. Tootsie Roll appears to be in the middle to late maturity phase. 10. The expediency of the direct method is that it presents the major categories of cash receipts and cash payments in a format that is connatural to the income statement and familiar to statement users. Its principal injury is tha t the necessary data can be dearly-won and time-consuming to accumulate. The advantage of the indirect method is it is often considered easier o prepare, and it provides a reconciliation of sugar income to net cash provided by operating activities. It as well tends to reveal less company information to competitors. Its primary disadvantage is the difficulty in understanding the adjustments that comprise the reconciliation. Both methods are acceptable and the FASB expressed a preference for the direct method. Yet, the indirect method is the overwhelming favorite of companies. 11. When tote up cash influxs exceed total cash outflows, the excess is identified as a net make up in cash tightly fitting the bottom of the statement of cash flows. 12.The indirect method involves converting accrual net income to net cash provided by operating activities. This is done by starting with accrual net income and adjusting for items that do not affect cash. Examples of adjustments include de preciation and other noncash disbursements, gains and losses on the sale of noncurrent assets, and changes in the balances of current asset and current li faculty accounts from one period to the next. 13. It is necessary to convert accrual-based net income to cash-basis income because the unadjusted net income includes items that do not provide or use cash.An example would be an increase in accounts receivable. If accounts receivable increase during the period, revenues inform on the accrual basis would be higher(prenominal) than the actual cash revenues received. Thus, accrual-basis net income must(prenominal)iness be adjusted to reflect the net cash provided by operating activities. 14. A number of factors could have caused an increase in cash despite the net loss. These are (1) high cash revenues relative to low cash outgos (2) sales of property, plant, and equipment (3) sales of investments (4) issuance of debt or capital stock, and (5) differences between cash and accrual accounting, e. . depreciation. 15. depreciation expense. draw or loss on sale of a noncurrent asset. augment/decrease in accounts receivable. increment/decrease in stock certificate. add/decrease in accounts account account collectible. Questions Chapter 12 (Continued) 16. Under the indirect method, depreciation is added congest to net income to placate net income to net cash provided by operating activities because depreciation is an expense but not a cash payment. 17.The statement of cash flows is useful because it provides information to the investors, course creditors, and other users about (1) the companys ability to generate future cash flows, (2) the companys ability to pay dividends and tolerate obligations, (3) the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash provided by operating activities, and (4) the cash and noncash financing and investing transactions during the period. 18. This transaction is reported in the note or schedule entitled Noncash investing and financing activities as follows Retirement of bonds collectable through issuance of common stock, $1,700,000. 19. (a)The current ratio is an accrual-based ratio that measures runniness while the current cash debt reporting ratio is a cash-based ratio that measures liquidity. (b)Solvency can be measurable by the debt to total assets ratio (accrual-based) or the cash debt reportage ratio (cash-based). *20. dough cash provided by operating activities under the direct climb up is the difference between cash revenues and cash expenses. The direct approach adjusts the revenues and expenses directly to reflect the cash basis. This results in cash net income, which is equal to net cash provided by operating activities. + descend in accounts receivable *21. (a) coin receipts from customers = Revenues from sales change magnitude in accounts receivable + ontogenesis in inventory (b) gets = Cost of goods change Decrease in inventory + Decrease in accounts due exchange payments to suppliers = corrupts outgrowth in accounts account collectible 22. trades$2,000,000 Add Decrease in accounts receivables 100,000 cash receipts from customers$2,100,000 *23. Depreciation expense is not listed in the direct method operating activities section because it is not a cash flow itemit does not affect cash. SOLUTIONS TO sketch performS draft get along 12-1 (a) property inflow from financing exercise, $200,000. (b) exchange outflow from investing activity, $150,000. (c) money inflow from investing activity, $20,000. (d) funds outflow from financing activity, $50,000.BRIEF EXERCISE 12-2 (a)Investing activity. (d) operational activity. (b)Investing activity. (e)Financing activity. (c)Financing activity. (f)Financing activity. BRIEF EXERCISE 12-3 currency flows from financing activities Proceeds from issuance of bonds payable$300,000) hire of dividends(70,000) loot cash provided by financing activities$230,000) BRIEF EXERCISE 12-4 (a) gold from operations would be lower than net income during the growth phase because inventory must be purchased for future projected sales.Since sales during the growth phase are projected to be increasing, inventory purchases must increase and inventory expensed on an accrual basis would be less than inventory purchased on a cash basis. Also, collections on accounts receivable would lag behind sales thus, accrual sales would exceed cash collections during the period. (b) immediate payment from investing is often positive during the late maturity phase and the decline phase because the firm may sell off excess long-term assets that are no longer needed for productive purposes. BRIEF EXERCISE 12-5 salary cash provided by operating activities is $2,680,000. Using the indirect approach, the solution is Net income$2,500,000 Adjustments to lodge net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expen se$110,000) Accounts receivable decrease? 350,000) Accounts payable decrease(280,000) 180,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$2,680,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 12-6 funds flows from operating activities Net income$280,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$70,000Loss on sale of plant assets? 22,000 92,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$372,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 12-7 Net income$200,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Decrease in accounts receivable$80,000) join on in pay expenses(28,000) Increase in inventories(40,000) 12,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$212,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 12-8 Original cost of equipment change$22,000 slight Accumulated depreciation 5,500 Book value of equipment sold? 16,500 less(prenominal) Loss on sale of equipment 3,500 money flow from sale of equipment$13,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 12-9 (a)Free cash flow = $127,260,000 $221,160,000 $0 = ($93,900,000) (b)Current cash debt coverage ratio = $127,260,000 ? $243,668,000 = .52 clock (c) change debt coverage ratio = $127,260,000 ? $928,464,500 = . 14 propagation BRIEF EXERCISE 12-10 (a)Free cash flow = $405,000 $200,000 $0 = $205,000 (b)Current cash debt coverage ratio = $405,000 ? $150,000 = 2. 7 times (c) coin debt coverage ratio = $405,000 ? $225,000 = 1. 8 times BRIEF EXERCISE 12-11 Free cash flow = $123,100,000 $20,800,000 = $102,300,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 12-12Free cash flow is cash provided by operations less capital expenditures and cash dividends paid. For Payne Inc. this would be $364,000 ($734,000 $280,000 $90,000). Since it has positive fire cash flow that furthermost exceeds its dividend, an increase in the dividend might be possible. However, other factors should be considered. For example, it must have adequate hold earnings, and it should be convinced that a larger dividend can be sustained over future stratums. It should withal use the uncaring cash flow to expand its operations or pay down its debt. *BRIEF EXERCISE 12-13 + Decrease in accounts receivable Receipts from = Sales customers revenues Increase in accounts receivable $1,285,759,000 = $1,287,672,000 $1,913,000 (Increase in accounts receivable) *BRIEF EXERCISE 12-14 + Decrease in income taxes payable currency payment = Income Tax for income taxes Expense Increase in income taxes payable $125,000,000 = $370,000,000 $245,000,000* *$522,000,000 $277,000,000 = $245,000,000 (Increase in income taxes payable) *BRIEF EXERCISE 12-15 + Increase in prepaid expenses cash = operate Decrease in prepaid expenses payments for expenses, operating excluding expenses depreciation and + Decrease in accrued expenses payable Increase in accrued expenses payable $79,000 = $ 90,000 $6,600 $4,400 SOLUTIONS TO DO IT REVIEW EXERCISES DO IT 12-1 (1)Financing activity (2)Operating activity (3)Financing activity (4)Investing activity (5)Investing activity DO IT 12-2 gold flows from operating activities Net income$100,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$6,000 Patent amortization expense2,000 Gain on sale of equipment(3,600) Decrease in accounts receivable6,000 Increase in accounts payable 3,20013,600 Net cash provided by operating activities$113,600 DO IT 12-3 (a) Free cash flow = $73,700 $27,000 $15,000 = $31,700 b) property provided by operating activities fails to take into account that a company a must invest in new plant assets just to maintain the current level of operations. Companies must also maintain dividends at current levels to satisfy investors. The measurement of free cash flow provides additional sixth sense regarding a companys cash-generating ability. SOLUTIONS TO EXE RCISES EXERCISE 12-1 (a)Noncash investing and financing activities. (b)Financing activities. (c)Noncash investing and financing activities. (d)Financing activities. (e)Investing activities. (f)Operating activities. (g)Operating activities. EXERCISE 12-2 (a) Operating activity. (h) Financing activity. (b) Noncash investing and (i) Operating activity. financing activity. (j) Noncash investing and financing (c) Investing activity. activity. (d) Financing activity. (k) Investing activity. (e) Operating activity. (l) Operating activity. (f) Noncash investing and financing activity. (m) Operating activity (loss) investing Operating activity. activity (cash proceeds from sale). (g) (n) Financing activity. EXERCISE 12-3 Point in Time Phase A Introductory phase B correct phase C Maturity phase D Growth phase During the introductory phase (point A), cash from operations and investing are expected to be negative while cash from financing would be positive.I n the growth phase (point D), a company would continue to show negative cash from operations and investing and positive cash from financing. EXERCISE 12-3 (Continued) During the maturity phase (point C), cash from operations and net income would be approximately the same. Cash from operations would exceed investing needs. In the decline phase (point B), cash from operations would come while cash from financing would be negative. EXERCISE 12-4 JEREZ social club overtone Statement of Cash Flows For the category end celestial latitude 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$190,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$35,000Loss on sale of equipment 5,000 Increase in accounts payable? 17,000 Decrease in accounts receivable? 15,000 Decrease in prepaid expenses 4,000 76,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$266,000 EXERCISE 12-5 KITSELTON INC. stir upial Statement of Cash Flows For the stra tum Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$153,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$34,000) Increase in accrued expenses payable? 10,000) Decrease in inventory? 4,000 Increase in prepaid expenses (5,000) Decrease in accounts payable(7,000) Increase in accounts receivable(11,000) 25,000Net cash provided by operating activities$178,000 EXERCISE 12-6 FELIX CORPORATION Statement of Cash FlowsIndirect manner For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows operating activities Net income$284,100 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$187,000 Increase in income tax payable4,700 Decrease in accounts payable (3,700) Increase in accounts receivable(8,200) Increase in inventory (11,000) 168,800 Net cash provided by operating activities452,900 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of toss off 35,000 Purchase of building(129, 000) Net cash used by investing activities(94,000)Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of bonds200,000 hire of dividend (12,000) Purchase of treasury stock (32,000) Net cash provided by financing activities 156,000 Net increase in cash514,900 Cash at offshoot of period45,000 Cash at end of period$559,900 EXERCISE 12-7 TOVAR CORP Partial Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$? 72,000) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$28,000) Loss on sale of equipment 8,000) 36,000) Net cash provided by operating activities? 108,000) Cash flows from investing activitiesSale of equipment? 11,000* Purchase of equipment(70,000) Construction of equipment(53,000) Net cash used by investing activities(112,000) Cash flows from financing activities Payment of cash dividends? (19,000) *Cost of equipment sold$49,000) *Accumulated depreciation (30,000)) *Book value? 19,000) *Loss on sale of equipment? (8,000)) *Cash proceeds$11,000) EXERCISE 12-8 (a)MATSUI COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$ 93,000) Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$34,000) Decrease in inventory? 19,000)Increase in accounts receivable? (9,000) Decrease in accounts payable(8,000) 36,000) Net cash provided by operating activities? 129,000) Cash flows from investing activities Sale of land? 20,000) Purchase of equipment(60,000) Net cash used by investing activities? (40,000) Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of common stock? 42,000) Payment of cash dividends (35,000) Redemption of bonds (50,000) Net cash used by financing activities? (43,000) Net increase in cash 46,000) Cash at beginning of period 22,000) Cash at end of period$? 68,000) EXERCISE 12-8 (Continued) (b)1. Current cash debt coverage ratio Net cash provided ? Average current by operating activities liabilities $129,000 ? pic = 3. 0 times Per Part (a) 2. Cash debt coverage ratio Net cash provided ? Average total by operating activities liabilities $129,000 ? pic = . 59 times *$47,000 + $200,000 **$39,000 + $150,000 EXERCISE 12-9 PepsiCo Coca-Cola (a) Liquidity Current cash debt pic = . 75 times pic = . 64 times coverage ratio (b) Solvency Cash debt coverage ratio pic = . 38 times pic = . 6 times Free cash flow $6,084 $2,068 $1,854 $5,957 $1,407 $2,911 = $2,162 = $1,639 PepsiCos liquidity is higher ( develop) than Coca-Colas. PepsiCos current cash debt coverage ratio is 17% higher than Coca-Colas. Coca-Colas solvency is slightly higher than PepsiCos since its cash debt coverage ratio is higher but its free cash flow smaller. EXERCISE 12-10 Hoyt Rex Corporation Corporation (a) Liquidity Current cash debt pic = 2. 0 times pic = 1. 0 times coverage rat io (b) Solvency Cash debt pic = . 50 times pic = 0. 0 times coverage ratio Free cash flow $100,000 $40,000 $5,000 $100,000 $70,000 $10,000 = $55,000 = $20,000 Hoyts liquidity and solvency ratios are higher (better) than Rexs same ratios. In particular, Hoyts current cash debt coverage ratio is twice as high as Rexs.This ratio indicates that Hoyt is substantially more liquid than Rex. Hoyts solvency, as measured by the cash debt coverage ratio and free cash flow, is also better than Rexs. *EXERCISE 12-11 Revenues$192,000) generalise Increase in accounts receivable(70,000) Cash receipts from customers*$122,000 Operating expenses 83,000) keep back Increase in accounts payable(23,000) Cash payments for operating expenses** 60,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$? 62,000 ** Accounts Receivable Balance, Beginning of year Revenues for the year 192,000 Cash receipts for year 122,000 Balance, End of year ? 70,000 ** Acco unts Payable Balance, Beginning of year 0 Payments for the year ? 0,000 Operating expenses for year ? 83,000 Balance, End of year ? 23,000 *EXERCISE 12-12 (a)Cash payments to suppliers Cost of goods sold$5,349. 7million Add Increase in inventory 4. 7 Cost of purchases$5,354. 4million Deduct Increase in accounts payable(156. 1) Cash payments to suppliers$5,198. 3million (b)Cash payments for operating expenses Operating expenses exclusive of depreciation ($11,791. 6 $1,249. 9)$10,541. 7millionDeduct Decrease in prepaid expenses$(204. 5) Increase in accrued expenses payable(37. 0) (241. 5) Cash payments for operating expenses$10,300. 2million *EXERCISE 12-13 Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts from Customers$240,000* Dividend revenue 18,000* ?258,000* Less cash payments To suppliers for merchandise$105,000 For salaries and wages? 53,000 For operating expenses? 28,000 For income taxes? 12,000 For cheer 10,000? 208,000* Net cash provided by operating ac tivities$? 50,000* *$48,000 + $192,000 *EXERCISE 12-14 MOSQUITO HOLLOW CORP. Statement of Cash FlowsDirect Method For the Year Ended December 31, 2010Cash flows form operating activities Cash receipts from customers$566,100 Less Cash payments For goods and services$279,100 For income taxes93,000 For operating expenses77,000 For interest22,400 471,500 Net cash provided by operating activities94,600 Cash flows form investing activities Sale of building202,400 Purchase of equipment(113,200) Net cash provided by investing activities89,200 Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of common stock355,000 Payment of cash dividend (21,800) Purchase treasury stock(57,300) Cash paid to redeem bonds at maturity(200,000) Net cash provided by financing activities 75,900 Net increase in cash259,700Cash at beginning of period11,000 Cash at end of period$270,700 *EXERCISE 12-15 Cash payments for rentals Rent expense$ 30,000* Add Increase in prepaid rent? ?3,100* Cash payments for rent$ 33,100* Cash payments for salaries Salaries expense$ 54,000* Add Decrease in salaries payable? ?2,000* Cash payments for salaries$ 56,000* Cash receipts from customers Revenue from sales$160,000* Add Decrease in accounts receivable 9,000* Cash receipts from customers$169,000* SOLUTIONS TO caperS paradox 12-1A Cash Inflow, Outflow, or No Effect? Transaction Where Reported (a) Recorded depreciation O No cash flow effect expense on the plant assets. (b) Recorded and paid interest expense. O Cash outflow (c) Recorded cash proceeds from a sale of plant assets. I Cash inflow (d) Acquired land by issuing NC No cash flow effect common stock. (e) paying(a) a cash dividend F Cash outflow to preferred stockholders. (f) Distributed a stock dividend NC No cash flow effect to common stockholders. (g) Recorded cash sales. O Cash inflow (h) Recorded sales on account. O No cash flow effect (i) Purchased inventory for cash. O Cash outflow (j) Purchased inventory on O No cash flow effect account. PROBLEM 12-2A (a)Net income can be opinionated by analyzing the retained earnings account. Retained earnings beginning of year$270,000 Add Net income (plug) 60,500* 330,500 Less Cash dividends20,000 pains dividends 10,500 Retained earnings, end of year$300,000 ($300,000 + $10,500 + $20,000 $270,000) (b)Cash inflow from the issue of stock was $14,500 ($165,000 $140,000 $10,500). Common Stock 140,000 10,500 Stock Dividend 14,500 Shares Issued for Cash 165,000 Cash outflow for dividends was $20,000. The stock dividend does not use cash. c)Both of the above activities (issue of common stock and payment of dividends) would be classified as financing activities on the statement of cash flows. PROBLEM 12-3A GRIDER COMPANY Partial Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended November 30, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$1,650,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depr eciation expense$ 80,000 Decrease in inventory500,000 Decrease in accrued expenses payable(100,000) Increase in prepaid expenses(150,000) Increase in accounts receivable(300,000) Decrease in accounts payable(350,000) (320,000) Net cash provided by operating activities$1,330,000 *PROBLEM 12-4A GRIDER COMPANYPartial Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended November 30, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts from customers$7,400,000(1) Less cash payments To suppliers$4,750,000(2) For operating expenses? 1,320,000(3)? 6,070,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$1,330,000 Computations (1)Cash receipts from customers Sales$7,700,000 Deduct Increase in accounts receivable (300,000) Cash receipts from customers$7,400,000 (2)Cash payments to suppliers Cost of goods sold$4,900,000 Deduct Decrease in inventories (500,000) Cost of purchases? 4,400,000 Add Decrease in accounts payable 350,000 Cash payments to suppliers$4,750,000 3)Cash payments for operating expenses Operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation$1,070,000* Add Increase in prepaid expenses$150,000 Decrease in accrued expenses payable100,000 250,000 Cash payments for operating expenses$1,320,000 *$450,000 + ($700,000 $80,000) PROBLEM 12-5A JANTZEN COMPANY Partial Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$230,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$70,000 Loss on sale of equipment16,000 Increase in accounts payable13,000Increase in income taxes payable 6,000 Increase in accounts receivable(10,000) 95,000 Net cash provided by operating activities$325,000 *PROBLEM 12-6A JANTZEN COMPANY Partial Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts from customers$960,000(1) Less cash payments For operating expenses$601,000(2) For income taxes 34,000(3)? 635,000 Net cash provided by opera ting activities$325,000 (1)Computation of cash receipts from customers Revenues$970,000 Deduct Increase in accounts receivable ($70,000 $60,000)? (10,000) Cash receipts from customers$960,000 2)Computation of cash payments for operating expenses Operating expenses per income statement$614,000 Deduct Increase in accounts payable ($41,000 $28,000)(13,000) Cash payments for operating expenses$601,000 (3)Computation of cash payments for income taxes Income tax expense per income statement$ 40,000 Deduct Increase in income taxes payable ($13,000 $7,000)(6,000) Cash payments for income taxes$ 34,000 PROBLEM 12-7A (a)TRAHAN COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$32,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income o net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$17,500* Increase in accounts payable? 9,000 Decrease in income taxes payable? (1,000) Increase in merchandise inventory(7,000) Increase in a ccounts receivable(19,000)? (500) Net cash provided by operating activities31,500 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of equipment8,500 Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of common stock4,000 Redemption of bonds (6,000) Payment of dividends(20,000) Net cash used by financing activities(22,000) Net increase in cash18,000 Cash at beginning of period20,000 Cash at end of period$38,000 *$32,000 ($24,000 $9,500(A)) = $17,500 A)$18,000 (cost of equipment) $8,500 (book value) = $9,500 (accumulated depreciation for equipment sold) PROBLEM 12-7A (Continued) (b) 1. $31,500 ? pic = 1. 17 times Per Part (a) *$15,000 + $8,000 **$24,000 + $7,000 2. $31,500 ? pic = . 55 times *$15,000 + $8,000 + $33,000 **$24,000 + $7,000 + $27,000 3. $31,500 $0 $20,000 = $11,500 *PROBLEM 12-8A (a)TRAHAN COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activitiesCash receipts from customers$223,000(1) Less cash payments To suppliers$173,00 0(2) For operating expenses 6,500(3) For interest 3,000 For income taxes 9,000(4)? 191,500 Net cash provided by operating activities 31,500 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of equipment8,500 Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of common stock 4,000 Redemption of bonds (6,000) Payment of dividends? (20,000) Net cash used by financing activities? (22,000) Net decrease in cash 18,000 Cash at beginning of period 20,000 Cash at end of period$? 38,000 Computations (1)Cash receipts from customers Sales$242,000 Deduct Increase in accounts receivable(19,000)Cash receipts from customers$223,000 *PROBLEM 12-8A (Continued) (2)Cash payments to suppliers Cost of goods sold$175,000 Add Increase in inventory 7,000 Cost of purchases? 182,000 Deduct Increase in accounts payable? ?9,000 Cash payments to suppliers$173,000 (3)Cash payments for operating expenses Operating expenses$24,000 Deduct Depreciation $32,000 ($24,000 $9,500*)17,500 Cash payments for operating expenses$ 6,50 0 *$18,000 $8,500 = $9,500 (4)Cash payments for income taxes Income tax expense$8,000 Add Decrease in income taxes payable 1,000 Cash payments for income taxes$9,000 (b) 1. $31,500 ? pic = 1. 7 times Per Part (a) **$15,000 + $8,000 ***$24,000 + $7,000 2. $31,500 ? pic = . 55 times *$15,000 + $8,000 + $33,000 **$24,000 + $7,000 + $27,000 3. $31,500 $0 $20,000 = $11,500 PROBLEM 12-9A CIPRA INC. Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$158,900 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$46,500Increase in accounts payable 34,700 Loss on sale of plant assets7,500 Decrease in accrued expenses payable (500) Increase in prepaid expenses? (2,400) Increase in inventory? (9,650) Increase in accounts receivable(54,800)? 21,350 Net cash provided by operating activities? 180,250 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of plant assets1,500 Purchase of invest ments (24,000) Purchase of plant assets (100,000) Net cash used by investing activities(122,500) Cash flows from financing activities Sale of common stock45,000 Payment of cash dividends (30,350) Redemption of bonds (40,000) Net cash used by financing activities (25,350)Net increase in cash 32,400 Cash at beginning of period 48,400 Cash at end of period$? 80,800 *PROBLEM 12-10A CIPRA INC. Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts from customers$337,980(1) Less cash payments To suppliers$110,410(2) For income taxes 27,280 For operating expenses 15,310(3) For interest 4,730? 157,730 Net cash provided by operating activities? 180,250 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of plant assets 1,500 Purchase of investments? (24,000) Purchase of plant assets (100,000) Net cash used by investing ? activities(122,500) Cash flows from financing activities Sale of common stock 45,000 Payment of cash dividends? (30,350) R edemption of bonds? (40,000) Net cash used by financing activities (25,350) Net increase in cash 32,400 Cash at beginning of period 48,400 Cash at end of period$? 80,800 Computations (1)Cash receipts from customers Sales$392,780 Deduct Increase in accounts receivable(54,800) Cash receipts from customers$337,980 *PROBLEM 12-10A (Continued) (2)Cash payments to suppliers Cost of goods sold$135,460 Add Increase in inventory 9,650 Cost of purchases? 145,110 Deduct Increase in accounts payable? (34,700)Cash payments to suppliers$110,410 (3)Cash payments for operating expenses Operating expenses exclusive of depreciation$12,410 Add Increase in prepaid expenses$2,400 Decrease in accrued expenses payable 500 2,900 Cash payment for operating expenses$15,310 PROBLEM 12-11A MERCADO COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 Cash flows from operating activities Net income$ 37,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Deprec iation expense$42,000 Decrease in accounts receivable? 12,000 Decrease in prepaid expenses 5,720 Increase in accounts payable? ,730 Loss on sale of equipment2,000 Increase in inventory (9,450)? 57,000 Net cash provided by operating activities? 94,000 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of land? 25,000 Sale of equipment? 8,000 Purchase of equipment(95,000) Net cash used by investing activities? (62,000) Cash flows from financing activities Payment of cash dividends(12,000) Net cash used by financing activities(12,000) Net increase in cash20,000 Cash at beginning of period? 45,000 Cash at end of period$65,000 Noncash investing and financing activities rebirth of bonds by issuance of common stock$40,000 PROBLEM 12-12A Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio Cash Debt Coverage Ratio Free Cash Flow ($125,000) (0. 5 times) (0. 3 times) Transaction (a) Recorded credit sales $2,500. NE NE NE (b) Collected $1,500 owing from customers. I I I (c) Paid amount owing D D D to suppliers, $2,750. (d) Recorded sales returns of $500 and credited the NE NE NE customers account. (e) Purchased new equipment $5,000 signed a long-term D* NE D note payable for the cost of the equipment. (f) Purchased a patent and paid $15,000 cash for the D NE NE asset. *Note to Instructor If only cash capital expenditures are deducted, this answer would be NE. BYP 12-1 pecuniary REPORTING PROBLEM (a)Net cash provided by operating activities 2007 $90,064 2006 $55,656Some causes of the significant changes in net cash provided by operating activities during 2007 were the decrease in the accounts receivable, a decrease in inventories, and a decrease in income taxes payable and deferred. (b)The increase in cash and cash equivalents for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $1,877,000. (c)Tootsie Roll uses the indirect method of computing and presenting the net cash provided by operating activities. (d)According to the statement of cash flows, account s receivable decreased $2,591,000 in 2007. Inventories decreased $6,506,000 in 2007. Accounts payable (and accrued liabilities) decreased $3,234,000 in 2007. (e)The net cash used by investing activities in 2007 was $43,345,000. (f)The supplemental disclosure of cash flow information disclosed interest paid of $537,000 and income taxes paid of $11,343,000 in 2007. BYP 12-2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PROBLEM (a) Hershey Tootsie Roll 1. Current cash pic pic debt coverage = . 51 times = 1. 0 times ratio 2. Cash debt pic pic= . 54 times coverage ratio = . 22 times **$57,972 + $116,523 **$62,211 + $98,747 (b)Tootsie Rolls current cash debt coverage ratio provides a ratio of $1. 50 of cash from operations for every dollar of current debt.It is a better representation of liquidity on an average day than the current ratio. Tootsie Rolls higher ratio (1. 50 vs. .51) indicates Tootsie Roll was importantly more liquid in 2007 than Hershey but both m easures are acceptable. The cash debt coverage ratio shows a companys ability to repay its liabilities from cash generated from operating activities without having to liquidate the assets employed in its operations. Since Tootsie Rolls cash debt coverage ratio was more than twice as large (. 54 vs. .22) as Hersheys, Tootsie Rolls ability to repay liabilities with cash from operations was significantly greater than Hersheys in 2007. BYP 12-3 RESEARCH CASE (a)The article suggests that most people arent affected about Searss liquidity. Instead, the concern is that the company wont have adequate cash to implement the changes it needs to make a return to profitability. Also, some investors were concerned that a cash shortage will reduce Searss ability to carry out the treasury stock buyback program that it had previously announced. (b) At the time of the article, Sears had not reported its cash flow numbers. It had, however, reported an estimate that by the end of the tail end the co mpany would have $1 billion in cash on hand. This was lower that analysts had expected.Based upon estimates of amounts that the company had spent on treasury stock, debt repayment, and capital expenditures, analysts determined that it was likely that, to arrive at $1 billion in cash on hand, the companys cash flow must have declined. (c)Individuals who tried to defend Sears said that they approximation it was inappropriate to make such negative statements about the company based on estimates. They suggested it would be better to wait until the company reports its actual cash flow numbers before evaluating the company. (d)The article suggests that, if, in fact, Searss cash flow is declining, it is a bad time of year for that to be happening. Normally the fourth quarter would be a period when cash flows would be strong, because of the holiday shopping season.In contrast, Sears frequently experiences negative cash from operations during the first three quarters of the year. BYP 12-4 I NTERPRETING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (a)Current ratio2001$1,207. 9? $ 921. 4= 1. 31 2004$2,539. 4? $1,620. 4= 1. 57 Current cash debt ?coverage ratio2001($119. 8)? $ 948. 2= (. 13) times 2004 $566. 6? $1,436. 6= . 39 times Both Amazons current ratio and its current cash debt coverage ratio improve dramatically from 2001 to 2004. Amazons current ratio increased by 20% (from 1. 31 to 1. 57) during the 3-year period.In addition Amazons current cash debt coverage ratio improved by $. 52 per dollar of current liabilities (from a negative $. 13 per dollar in 2001 to a positive $. 39 per dollar in 2004). Amazons liquidity improved greatly from 2001 to 2004. (b)Cash debt ?coverage ratio2001($119. 8)? $3,090. 0= (. 04) times 2004 $566. 6? $4,773. 4= . 12 times Debt to total ?assets ratio2001$3,077. 5? $1,637. 5= 1. 88 2004$5,096. 1? $3,248. 5= 1. 57 Amazons solvency also improved significantly from 2001 to 2004. Its cash debt coverage ratio increased by $. 16 per dollar of total liabilities d uring the 3-year period. Amazons debt to total assets ratio also improved (decreased) by 16% from 2001 to 2004. c)Free cash flow2001($119. 8)$50. 3 $0= ($170. 1) 2004 $566. 6$89. 1 $0= $477. 5 Amazons free cash flow increased by almost $650 million from 2001 to 2004. The increase was caused by Amazon finally generating a profit in 2004. If Amazon is able to continue operating at a profit and producing a large free cash flow, it should be able to finance an expansion of its operations. BYP 12-4 (Continued) (d)While these measures tell us a lot about Amazon. com, they dont tell us whether the stock charge is reasonable. Amazon. coms high stock price is a reflection of a belief by investors that Amazon. com will continue to grow incredibly fast.If this growth falters, its stock price will fall rather quickly. Also, Amazon. coms heavy reliance on debt financing compounds the risk of investing in its stock because it may have a difficult time paying its debts if its growth does not co ntinue. BYP 12-5 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON THE WEB Answers will vary depending on the company chosen by the student. BYP 12-6 DECISION MAKING ACROSS THE ORGANIZATION (a)DEVITO COMPANY Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended January 31, 2010Cash flows from operating activities Net loss$(35,000)* Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense$? 55,000 Gain from sale of investment? ?(5,000)50,000 Net cash provided by operating activities15,000 Cash flows from investing activities Sale of investment 80,000 Purchase of investment ? (75,000) Purchase of fixtures and equipment(320,000) Net cash used by investing activities(315,000)* Cash flows from financing activities Sale of capital stock? 405,000 Purchase of treasury stock? (10,000) Net cash provided by financing activities395,000 Net increase in cash 95,000 Cash at beginning of period? 40,000 Cash at end of period$235,000 Noncash investing and financing activities Issuance of note for transport$20,000 BYP 12-6 (Continued) *Computation of net income (loss) Sales of merchandise$385,000 Interest revenue 6,000 Gain on sale of investm

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Middle vitamin E - Essay ExampleMiddle East is a desert region and thus it receives less than 250 mm of rainfall annually. Israel is characterized by Mediterranean climate with hot summers and short winter. The region receives short rains during winter and day temperatures reaches to a maximum of 39 degrees Celsius. The high temperatures and low rainfall indicates that the region depend on pipe water supply for its domestic and industrial water requirements. The state of Israel is approximately 20,700 kilometer square and its inland water constitutes somewhat 445 km2. Inland water include river Jordan, which has its source in mount Harmon. River Jordan is the main source of young water in the region. Other water sources such as Sea of Galilee, Dead Sea and hula marshes have salty water. The region also has major well where villagers in two the Israel and Palestinian sides take water for domestic and agricultural use.Agriculture is significant in the region despite its short r ains. tillage in this region is based on irrigation. Thus, water is a factor of national interest to both societies. Israel has attained food stability due to its control of water resources in the region (Eisenzweig, 2000). Water for irrigation constitutes about 70% of water requirements in the region. Israel is also an industrialized country and therefore the country requires water for its industry.The for sale water is below the water that is required to sustain the regions water requirements. Due to water scarcity, Israel needed to secure its water resources from the Palestinian people. In addition, Israel needed to secure its water resources from population. Israel occupation of gainsay areas such as West Bank and Gaza strip was a way of protecting the water resources. The engaged territories are the main source of conflicts between the Israelis and the Palestinians. However, the conflict has often been associated with other historical factors.Water from

Macroeconomics - Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Macroeconomics - economic Growth - Essay ExampleMost of the regional developments brook been caused by local and international investments. Research has placed mainland chinaware among the top countries with increased industrial developments. Economic leaders have ensured friendly policies so that investors can start businesses in local areas. Finance has excessively been offered to local investors with business ideas through the sale of bonds by local governments.The regions act as economic blocks where achievement and trade is regulated (China Central Television 2014). Free trade and a large capital and clement resource have contributed to most of the economic developments in China. Industries in these regions range from electronic companies to designer garment firms. They provide job to locals leading to middle and upper class lifestyles. Chinas high state has been advantageous in the provision of local markets (China Central Television 2014). Most of the produced goods ar e sold topically while the national government invests in exports as a source of income. Reliance on familiar sources of raw materials has also enhanced the countrys economic stability because economic meltdowns in other countries do not cause a chain reaction. Despite its high population, presence of skilled turn over and investment programs has led to job creations leading to better lifestyles that are a sign of economic development.China Central Television. (2014, May 29). China pursuing coordinated regional economic development - CCTV News - CCTV.com English. China pursuing coordinated regional economic development - CCTV News - CCTV.com English. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from