Guiding Principals of Professional Learning Communities Essay

Normally, in a professional learning community also known as a PLC, the educators work together brainstorming ideas, lessons, and activities that will support a plan to be implemented all in hopes of the student’s achievement. A professional learning community can benefit a school’s environment by reinforcing teacher morale and leadership skills. As the school moves forward, every professional in the building must engage with colleagues in the ongoing exploration of three crucial questions that drive the work of those within a professional learning community: †¢ What do we want each student to learn? How will we know when each student has learned it? †¢ How will we respond when a student experiences difficulty in learning? The answer to the third question separates learning communities from traditional schools. A PLC can serve as a support system that motivates teachers to follow a guided plan. Educators who are building a professional learning community recog nize that they must work together to achieve their collective purpose of learning for all. Therefore, they create structures to promote a collaborative culture. This plan can include classroom assistants, parent volunteers, and other school personnel like librarians. The PLC culture can influence teachers through numbers. When teachers come together and have strength in numbers they can support each other, collaborate, and brainstorm the most effective methods and techniques to instruct the students. Even the grandest design eventually translates into hard work. The professional learning community model is a grand design, a powerful new way of working ogether that profoundly affects the practices of schooling. But initiating and sustaining the concept requires hard work. This is where the challenges may arise. It requires the school staff to focus on learning rather than teaching, work collaboratively on matters related to learning, and hold itself accountable for the kind of results that fuel continual improvement. A PLC will construct a solid foundation of committed teachers who are passionate about their career and working with families a nd fellow colleagues. The benefit(s) of a PLC is that everyone has the opportunity to be involved and share goals and positive learning experiences of the schools learning environment. When educators do the hard work necessary to implement these principles, their collective ability to help all students learn will rise. If they fail to demonstrate the discipline to initiate and sustain this work, then their school is unlikely to become more effective, even if those within it claim to be a professional learning community. The rise or fall of the professional learning community concept depends not on the merits of the concept itself, but on the most important element in the improvement of any school; the commitment and persistence of the educators within it. In conclusion, educators who work together form structured atmospheres that promote learning. References Barth, R. (1991). Restructuring schools: Some questions for teachers and principals. Phi Delta Kappan, 73(2), 123-129. Marzano, R. (2003). What works in Schools: Translating research into action, Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

Bohol, in the Eyes of a First-Time Beholder Essay

Perched on a very young palm tree, the tarsier fidgeted as I aimed my camera on its direction. It was only a few centimeters away, so easy to touch and yet I reminded myself to avoid the temptation. I read in an article how traumatizing it can be for these velvety creatures to be held, that they would hurt themselves to death after being â€Å"violated† by curious tourists who are never content with taking pictures. So imagine my surprise when it landed very near me to catch the cricket hiding behind the leaves. Without even thinking, I brushed my fingers on its brown fur in what seemed to be a second or two; it didn’t flinch, but the click of the camera (there was no flash since it was daytime) alerted it, and it darted back to its highest hiding place in the palm tree. Like that unlikely encounter with the tarsier, my trip to Bohol was something worthy to remember. Thanks to the invitation of a friend, poet and journalist Michael Ortega Ligalig, my memory of Bohol was not limited to beaches, Chocolate Hills, and yes, tarsiers. But there is no denying that Bohol is teeming with natural and man-made assets. If you are artsy and into culture, Bohol can offer you a lot with its cultural and historical riches. If you are into nature and adventure, there are surprises that the island can offer. Churches and Heritage Houses For somebody like me who is fascinated with old things and history, Bohol is like a gold mine with its old churches and heritage houses. Almost all of the 47 towns have old, massive, stone churches that have survived natural ravages, wars and even climate change. I asked to be brought to some of the most fascinating ones, like the Baclayon and Loboc churches. The Church of the Immaculate Conception or the Baclayon Church is one of the country’s oldest churches. First built in 1595, the Jesuit frailes built the Neoclassic structure piece by piece using adobe and coral that were joined together by adhesive made from egg whites (imagine all the chicken eggs used to build such a magnificent structure!). From the front door, one could see the marble tombstones that were embedded on the walls and pylons, the names of the dead intricately written in Spanish. The retablo or the church altar was also an imposing piece of art, though we were unable to see the church’s pipe organ. It also has a museum similar to that of San Agustin in Intramuros. The fee is not very expensive, but cameras are not allowed. Still, one can take pictures of the saints on the ground floor joining the museum and the church, where they kept a coterie of human-size religious images or statues. St. Peter Parish Church or Loboc Church is the second oldest church in Bohol. Originally built in 1602, a stronger one was built in 1638. Located near the famous Loboc River cruise, it has survived a number of floods. Inside the church, murals depicting religious events can be found on the dome right on top of the main altar. A Spanish coat-of-arms can be found near the entrance of the convent which today houses the Museo de Loboc. This museum houses a few religious images and artifacts, like registry books from the 1800s and choir books. There is also a magnificent bell tower adjacent the church. One can also find a bridge that was never completed; it would have joined the two parts of the town separated by the river, but it would mean demolishing part of the church. It is also the home of the famous Loboc Children’s Choir. There are also plenty of heritage houses all over Bohol, particularly in Baclayon and Dauis. Owned mostly by merchant families and old political clans, its interiors are characterized by wide and thick wooden floor planks and wide stairways with wooden balusters. The interiors often feature wooden sala and table sets, cabinets and dressers and rocking chairs, while the walls often hold portraits of its departed residents. Some of the houses include the ancestral houses of the Clarin, Villamor, Malon, Luza, Sofia and Abueva, and some of them actually accommodate tourists for a bed-and-breakfast experience. Beaches and Diving Bohol is getting its fair share of tourism fame with its pristine white sand beaches, the most famous of which is Panglao Island and Dauis, although there are plenty of other beaches minus the flock of tourists and expensive. The most famous is Alona Beach, an 800-meter stretch of white powdery sand located south of Panglao Island. Many full-service beach and dive resorts reside there. The sea around Pamilacan Island is frequented by whales and dolphins, as it is also a favored breeding and feeding site of tuna, snappers, groupers, mackerel and surgeonfish, making it a perfect spot for those who want to see the teeming natural fish population at work. There are a number of diving spots that offer priceless views of the sea beneath. Balicasag is known for its rare, beautiful seashells and its beds of corals are considered one of the best dive spots in the country. On the other hand, Danajon Bank is the only double barrier reef in the Philippines and is one of only three such sites in the Asia-Pacific region, spread across almost 130 kilometers of seabed and consist of three large reefs. Flora and Fauna Because of its geographical features, Bohol’s endemic flora and fauna makes it a hot spot for nature lovers. The Philippine Tarsier Sanctuary in Corella town is a 134-hectare land that has been set aside as a protected area for its most celebrated creature considered the world’s smallest primate. However, there are many mini-â€Å"tarsier zoos† that are maintained by resorts. These resorts or mini-zoos often put these tarsiers in small cages and crowded, considering the wild nature of these animals. While my friend assured me that these resorts have â€Å"adoption certificates† from the local environmental offices, I still find it disturbing to find these magnificent creatures caged like birds. In the town of Albuquerque, there is a mini-zoo that claims to hold the biggest python in captivity ever known. Its name is Prony, approximately almost 30 feet and an estimated weight of about 300 kilograms. They also have a variety of birds species like parakeets, pigeons and other avians. However, a star attraction would be the entertainer which we humorously call â€Å"Kakambal ni Prony.† Clad in shiny gaudy costumes, she would dance near the snake’s spectators. We were also fortunate to visit the Mahogany Man-Made Forest in the town of Bilar, a two-kilometer stretch of densely planted mahogany trees located in the border of Loboc and Bilar. River Cruises The ultimate part of our trip would be the scenic Loboc River Cruise. We took the nighttime cruise as my friend advised because of the lamps that would light up as our boat would pass by. The boat fee includes a buffet meal that included seafood, meat and desserts. As the boat commenced its trip, a man with his electric guitar started to sing, his repertoire including American hits from the seventies. My companions and I found the lineup rather distracting as he started with Don McLean’s Vincent then to assorted songs from Bread and Air Supply. However, as the colored lamp posts began glowing from the sides, we were already transfixed and astonished. We briefly stopped on a floating raft that has a big group of singers belting their original songs. We all got off and started clapping. I interviewed some of the children and the adults who actually make a living from the song and dance number, and it ended with them selling their very own musical CD to the tourists. The visit to Bohol was short and partly fulfilling. I am decided to pursue this island more and look forward to seeing more of its assets very, very soon.

“The Kiss” by Anton Chekhov

â€Å"The Kiss† by Anton Chekhov After reading Anton Chekhov’s â€Å"The Kiss†, it is apparent that several elements of fiction were incorporated into his story. The story included interesting characters, a descriptive setting that effectively reflects the mood of what is going on, sufficient amount of irony. And a well developed plot and structure. Out of all of these components that help to build a successful fictional story, the element that was most effective was the element of plot. The plot of â€Å"The Kiss† is an excellent arrangement of events that fulfills every aspect that is expected to be incorporated into a fictional plot. It includes interesting twists, admirable characters, and most importantly, a subject that almost everyone can easily relate to. â€Å"The Kiss†, is about a man named Ryabovitch that is completely unsatisfied with his life until one night, he takes part in an â€Å"adventure (288). † In an unexpected series of events, Ryabovitch, who has never experienced female interaction, finds himself mistaken by a mysterious woman for her lover. As a result of the mix-up, Ryabovitch experiences his first kiss. The kiss puts a new spin on his life and Rybovitch becomes more bold and confident than ever. Even though most would view the incident as a simple misunderstanding, Ryabovitch takes it for more than that. He becomes convinced that he is in love with someone that he does not even know. At the end of the story however, Ryabovitch realizes that the situation was simply exaggerated and he goes back to his normal life. This first reason that the plot stands out so much is that it is relatable. In â€Å"The Kiss† Ryabovitch exaggerates the meaning of the kiss beyond recognition. In the story Ryabovitch is â€Å"†¦surprised dreadfully by the time it took him to tell his story (294). He overreacted so much that he did not even recognize how simple and insignificant that his incident was. Everyone has been guilty of this as one time or another. â€Å"The Kiss†, was written based on and overreaction and everyone is able to relate to what Ryabovitch is going through. Another reason that the plot stands out is that Chekhov writes in a way that makes the reader want to read on. He makes the reader care about what happens to Rybovitch by vividly describing everything that he goes through. Chekhov forces the reader to want to read on by making them feel sympathetic for Ryabovitch. The plot is set up to keep the reader interested and it stands out because of it. Without this incorporation of getting readers into what is going on with Ryabovitch, the effectiveness of the element of plot would be severely weakened. After reading â€Å"The Kiss†, it is obvious that Chekhov incorporated the element of plot into his story effectively. By writing about a subject that can be easily related to, the overall value of the plot drastically increased. Chekhov did a great job of getting into the readers mind; he made them want to read attentively and continue the story by using the element of plot.

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature Term Paper

Roles and Function of the Texas Legislature - Term Paper Example The constitution divides the United States’ Congress into the Senate and the House of Representatives. Of the 435 seats in the House of Representatives, the Texas State has 36 representatives for each district (Agnew, 2008). Every state is apportioned a number of seats in the House depending on the state’s population proportion in the country (Agnew, 2008). Reapportionment occurs every ten years following a census. The reapportionment involves deciding which districts within the state get to have representative members of Congress following a decennial census (Agnew, 2008). The process also involves redistricting which involves redrawing of the district lines in the respective state to serve a two-year term. The Texas legislature passes reapportionment bills, which amend the state apportioned counties to both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The state’s legislature also lines up representatives for the Senate.Through the appointment of representatives to the U.S Congress, the Texas Legislature helps to represent the political agenda of the state in Congress. The representatives in the both the Senate and the House of Representatives have voting power on all matters of the Constitution. It is their function to ensure they represent the views of their constituents in Congress. The Texas legislature also helps shape the political landscape of the entire nation. Members of both the Senate and House of Representative vote on certain constitutional issues.

Daoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Daoism - Essay Example For instance, Du Guangtung created his account using the west queen mother by selecting, re-writing, and combining various texts from the old literature. Some of the sources used by Du Guangtung to record the assembled transcendent of the fortified wall city include; Taoist, Buddhism, historical, classical and other popular sources; which retained his personal tradition of precedence work (Cahill 107). Du’s work is considered allusive and condensed. For instance, his first records are about a queen mother’s biography. The writings express the queen’s primacy in lineage and power. This account is one of the beneficial sources of Du Guangtung, which gives a complete account of the perceptions Taoists have about goddesses (Cahill 146). Du Guangtung gave the Records of the Assembled Transcendent of the Fortified City to the ruling emperor because he was attempting to associate the imperial government with Daoism. The Tang emperor was finally influenced by Daoism (Cahill 144). For instance, Bian’s story is publicized to honor the agreement by recording his transcendence. The book reveals that the founders of Tang Dynasty were sisters who were mothers of Emperor Yang of Sui. These sisters ruled two emperors of different dynasties. From the beginning, Daoism played a major role in the politics of Tang. Li Yuan bid for power by attracting followers through the claim for Daoist and Laozi descents (Bokenkamp 204). Individuals who were bidding for office had to involve monks from Buddhist temples to pray for them openly and they were paid cash donations in return. Buddhism and Daoism were accepted in the Tang Dynasty before Buddhists faced persecution in the 9th Century. Daoism’s spectacular success brought about the reunification of Tang Dynasty. Li Yuan, the founder of the kingdom, became more influential and successful after he was deferred of

Essay on Corporate Sponsorship Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Corporate Sponsorship - Essay Example The phenomenon of event sponsorship by corporate entities has been on the rise. As per the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) Sponsorship Report (a leading resource on sponsorship research), the amount of spending by North American corporate entities for event marketing has gone up from $850 million in 1985 to some $10.3 billion in 2003 (Independent Evaluation Consortium, 2003). There is a growing need to explore why corporate brands are willing to support event management more than ever. This text will explore the growth of sponsorship and its importance for the event industry by analysing the process and motivations along with the advantages and disadvantages of sponsorship. In itself sponsorship has evolved into a complex phenomenon over time and there are multiple possible definitions that may cause confusion. Research on the matter indicates that there are myriad definitions of sponsorship that have appeared over the last 25 years (Skinner & Rukavina, 2003). This text will utili se the definition of sponsorship provided by BDS Sponsorship Limited (which is one of Europe’s leading commercialisation and sponsorship consultancies): â€Å"Sponsorship is a business relationship between a provider of funds, resources or services and an individual, event or organisation which offers in return rights and association that may be used for commercial advantage in return for the sponsorship investment.† Sponsorship has been deeply rooted in history given that wealthy patrons would invest in the works of artists in order to receive appreciation from people who would view those works of art. The expansion of sponsorship became more common in the seventies as the amount of sponsorship in the United Kingdom grew by some 250% (Lawson, 1984). On the other hand, sponsorships were given for works of art till a point in time after which these sponsorships were diverted the music and sports industries. This trend continues into the modern day as â€Å"the value of sponsorship towards the arts— [this] appeared especially with books and less so with music. The area of the arts generally received an honour or prestige rated above commercialisation† (Lawson, 1984). Sponsorship for sports can be seen as booming in the aftermath of Peter Ueberroth’s sell out of the LA Olympic Games. Skinner and Rukavina (2003) have described this as â€Å"an explosion of sponsorship marketing.† Before this point in time it was felt by event managers that they would be seen as sell outs if they tried to attract too much attention from sponsors. Lawson (1984) has described this in the following words: â€Å"Sponsorship, it was thought, could detract from the popular image of the arts as being untainted by money.† Although this line of thinking persisted before this point in time but after Ueberroth’s actions, â€Å"many event managers forgot the notion that their events could be tainted. They increased their sponsorship leve ls dramatically, and approximately 40,000 events were created in the next ten years because of sponsorship funding† (Skinner & Rukavina, 2003). In this respect, it must be kept in mind that without support from sponsors it would not be possible to hold many different kinds of events. This takes place because sponsors often provide the major financial components of these events. The

Victoria's secret enters Argentina ( Retail marketing plan) Assignment

Victoria's secret enters Argentina ( Retail marketing plan) - Assignment Example The current marketing strategy of the company has a very high reliance on the latest trends in advertising such as Facebook and the internet. The marketing objective is to develop a positive growth of over 15% in the coming two years. The segmentation, targeting and positioning of the company has been labelled as targeting the female population in the Argentine market, position itself in the right segment (geographical) and attract the entire female population to its products. The entry strategy will be through exports at the initial levels and then use mergers and acquisitions as well as franchising to develop faster into the new market. With both internal and external controls, the company hopes for a successful venture into the Argentine market. Retail marketing strategy refer to expansion of already established retail stores, the goods therein and the relationship that is created with the customers (Ferrell & Hartline, 2012, p. 34). All these established stores must make decisions about their details in the market as well as the marketing mix to concentrate on. A business strategy must therefore put in consideration all the factors that must be considered before a market is considered for supply as a retail store. Large retail stores may choose to venture into the international markets by virtue of expanding their sales. Victorias secret is the largest company in America specialising in making ladies’ lingerie. Founded in 1977, the company makes women’s’ wear and has progressed to an extent of planning to venture into new markets it has never operated in. This report seeks to establish a retail marketing plan of Victorias Secret Company in its bid to venture into the Argentine market. In view of this, it will make an analysis of the Argentina market structures with special focus on the culture of the country given that the company operates in the cloth line retail industry. A situational analysis will be carried out to

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Helping Abused and Traumatized Children - Article Example Dr. Gil presents three models of hers; expressive, cognitive-behavioral, and family therapy The article is basically complementing the book written by Dr. Eliana Gil hence it provides specific material provided in the book to prove that the book written by Dr. Gil is a special piece of work that would help the people in the related field. The book is full of interesting and effective case studies that give a practical touch to the book. Though the book is a very detailed and informative resource on the subject but the reviewer does agree that books of this type that deal with complex issues such as traumatized and abused children have natural limitation and challenges. As this book contains qualitative theories and models but does not have the capacity to enable the reader to implement these models and theories in practical situation this proves to be a natural limitation because all books of this type have the same limitation. The book contains terms that are technical to the extent that a beginner would have difficulty in comprehending them. Although in depth case studies have been provided within the book but the book would have been better if more case studies would have been provided. The article tells us that Dr.

Communcation in the work place as an lpn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communcation in the work place as an lpn - Essay Example Wherever a LPN has the opportunity to use communication skills, they should. Care facilities are places where lives are frequently on the brink; a miscommunicated thought could end someones life. There is one thing a nurse must do above all else: know the capabilities of the staff and how to delegate responsibilities amongst them. This is another element of communication that sometimes goes unnoticed. It is often forgotten that a nurse needs to be effective in written communication as well as oral communication. This is because notes may need to be looked over by another member of staff. When a LPN is effective in communication, there are many benefits for patients and fellow staff alike. If communicating properly, a LPN could improve patient care, both inside and outside of the hospital; reduce unnecessary spending, or improve the way that money is being spent; and improve the role played in patient

Reading Response #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading Response #3 - Essay Example the article describes, about how the class room atmosphere or its appearance imposes an impact on the teachers, children and education system of the school and the process through which it develops the structure of the education and intellectual capabilities of the children in the later stages of their life. Secondly, it further discusses about the critical aspects of school environment by analyzing different kinds of methods such as Macro Analysis, school appearances and classroom analysis among others. Thirdly, the article portrays the expectations and influence of the kindergarten teachers about the chances of the success and failure of the children within the available education environment. The final and the fourth stage reflect on the fact that the article expresses the thought of equal distribution and educational opportunity among the children. The author plans to observe the poor children in formal and informal ways as well as record their activity and development within the school and clarify the benefits that have been derived from the analysis. The article provides the information regarding the process of that the school environment follows in terms of the teacher’s involvement and expectation, which influenced and benefited for increasing a diverse view towards the future development of the children. In the provided article, the author discussed about the distribution of Socio-Economic Status of the children in the kindergarten school. He divided the family based on the number of the children who were associated with the school. Following the segregations the author classified those selected in 3 tables that are designed based on the sitting arrangement specified for the children. The children who are the only child of the parents have been depicted under Table-1. The depiction under Table 1 is reflects on the fact that the lifestyle followed by the people is more sophisticated and quite different from the other people who are listed under Table-2

FEDERAL CONTRACTING ISSUES Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FEDERAL CONTRACTING ISSUES - Term Paper Example CCR is the official free on-line registrant database for the US Federal Government that collects, validates, stores and disseminates data in support of agency acquisition agency acquisition and award missions (BPN, 2011). After training and being registered, one can start soliciting for opportunities to do business with the federal government. In some instances, businesses offering similar products or services team up to solicit the federal contract opportunities. The law requires the large prime contractors to come up with opportunities of subcontracting with small business ventures. For this assignment, our company, Global IT & Office Solutions Ltd that specializes in computer solutions and office machine repair and maintenance services would like to offer these type services to the government agencies. This type of business falls under category NAICS 811212 (SIC 7978, FSC/ PSC code 74) which comprises of establishments primarily engaged in repairing and maintaining computers and office machines without retailing new computers and office machines (NAICS, 2011). To register the following information was provided: Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) Number provided by Dun and Bradstreet; Tax Identification Number (TIN) and Tax Payer name used in federal tax matters; statistical information about the business; and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) information for payment of invoices (BPN, 2011). Global IT & Office Solutions Ltd is based in Erie, PA and was founded in 1997 to offer computer and office equipments repair and maintenance services to our esteemed customers who range from individuals, institutions, government agencies and multinational corporations. We service all models and makes of computers and office equipments. Our strength is based on keeping up-to-date with technological advancements; highly trained, experienced and

Critique of Pure Reason Essay Example for Free

Critique of Pure Reason Essay Immanuel Kant, (born April 22, 1724, Konigsberg, Prussia [now Kaliningrad, Russia]—died February 12, 1804, Konigsberg), German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism. Kant was one of the foremost thinkers of the Enlightenment and arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time. In him were subsumed new trends that had begun with the rationalism (stressing reason) of Rene Descartes and the empiricism (stressing experience) of Francis Bacon. He thus inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought. BACKGROUND AND EARLY YEARS Kant lived in the remote province where he was born for his entire life. His father, a saddler, was, according to Kant, a descendant of a Scottish immigrant, although scholars have found no basis for this claim; his mother, an uneducated German woman, was remarkable for her character and natural intelligence. Both parents were devoted followers of the Pietist branch of the Lutheran church, which taught that religion belongs to the inner life expressed in simplicity and obedience to moral law. The influence of their pastor made it possible for Kant—the fourth of nine children but the eldest surviving child—to obtain an education. At the age of eight Kant entered the Pietist school that his pastor directed. This was a Latin school, and it was presumably during the eight and a half years he was there that Kant acquired his lifelong love for the Latin classics, especially for the naturalistic poet Lucretius. In 1740 he enrolled in the University of Konigsberg as a theological student. But, although he attended courses in theology and even preached on a few occasions, he was principally attracted to mathematics and physics. Aided by a young professor who had studied Christian Wolff, a systematizer of rationalist philosophy, and who was also an enthusiast for the science of Sir Isaac Newton, Kant began reading the work of the English physicist and, in 1744, started his first book, Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krafte (1746; Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces), dealing with a problem concerning kinetic forces. Though by that time he had decided to pursue an academic career, the death of his father in 1746 and his failure to obtain the post of undertutor in one of the schools attached to the university compelled him to withdraw and seek a means of supporting himself. Tutor and Privatdozent He found employment as a family tutor and, during the nine years that he gave to it, worked for three different families. With them he was introduced to the influential society of the city, acquired social grace, and made his farthest travels from his native city—some 60 miles (96 km) away to the town of Arnsdorf. In 1755, aided by the kindness of a friend, he was able to complete his degree at the university and take up the position of Privatdozent, or lecturer. Period of the three Critiques In 1781 the Kritik der reinen Vernunft (spelled Critik in the first edition; Critique of Pure Reason) was published, followed for the next nine years by great and original works that in a short time brought a revolution in philosophical thought and established the new direction in which it was to go in the years to come. The Critique of Pure Reason The Critique of Pure Reason was the result of some 10 years of thinking and meditation. Yet, even so, Kant published the first edition only reluctantly after many postponements; although convinced of the truth of its doctrine, he was uncertain and doubtful about its exposition. His misgivings proved well founded, and Kant complained that interpreters and critics of the work were badly misunderstanding it. To correct these wrong interpretations of his thought, he wrote the Prolegomena zu einer jeden kunftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten konnen (1783; Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will be Able to Come Forward as Science) and brought out a second and revised edition of the first Critique in 1787. Controversy still continues regarding the merits of the two editions: readers with a preference for an idealistic interpretation usually prefer the first edition, whereas those with a realistic view adhere to the second. But with regard to difficulty and ease of reading and understanding, it is generally agreed that there is little to choose between them. Anyone on first opening either book finds it overwhelmingly difficult and impenetrably obscure. The Critique of Practical Reason Because of his insistence on the need for an empirical component in knowledge and his antipathy to speculative metaphysics, Kant is sometimes presented as a positivist before his time, and his attack upon metaphysics was held by many in his own day to bring both religion and morality down with it. Such, however, was certainly far from Kant’s intention. Not only did he propose to put metaphysics â€Å"on the sure path of science,† he was prepared also to say that he â€Å"inevitably† believed in the existence of God and in a future life. It is also true that his original conception of his critical philosophy anticipated the preparation of a critique of moral philosophy. The Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788, spelled Critik and practischen; Critique of Practical Reason), the result of this intention, is the standard sourcebook for his ethical doctrines. The earlier Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (1785; Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals) is a shorter and, despite its title, more readily comprehensible treatment of the same general topic. Both differ from Die Metaphysik der Sitten (1797; The Metaphysics of Morals) in that they deal with pure ethics and try to elucidate basic principles; the later work, in contrast, is concerned with applying these principles in the concrete, a process that involved the consideration of virtues and vices and the foundations of law and politics. The Critique of Judgment The Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790, spelled Critik; Critique of Judgment)—one of the most original and instructive of all of Kant’s writings—was not foreseen in his original conception of the critical philosophy. Thus it is perhaps best regarded as a series of appendixes to the other two Critiques. The work falls into two main parts, called respectively Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and Critique of Teleological Judgment. In the first of these, after an introduction in which he discussed â€Å"logical purposiveness,† he analyzed the notion of â€Å"aesthetic purposiveness† in judgments that ascribe beauty to something. Such a judgment, according to him, unlike a mere expression of taste, lays claim to general validity, yet it cannot be said to be cognitive because it rests on feeling, not on argument. The explanation lies in the fact that, when a person contemplates an object and finds it beautiful, there is a certain harmony between his imagination and his understanding, of which he is aware from the immediate delight that he takes in the object. Imagination grasps the object and yet is not restricted to any definite concept, whereas a person imputes the delight that he feels to others because it springs from the free play of his cognitive faculties, which are the same in all humans. LAST YEARS The critical philosophy was soon being taught in every important German-speaking university, and young men flocked to Konigsberg as a shrine of philosophy. In some cases the Prussian government even undertook the expense of their support. Kant came to be consulted as an oracle on all kinds of questions, including such subjects as the lawfulness of vaccination. Such homage did not interrupt Kant’s regular habits. Scarcely five feet tall, with a deformed chest, and suffering from weak health, he maintained throughout his life a severe regimen. It was arranged with such regularity that people set their clocks according to his daily walk along the street named for him, â€Å"The Philosopher’s Walk. † Until old age prevented him, he is said to have missed this regular appearance only on the occasion when Rousseau’s Emile so engrossed him that for several days he stayed at home. From 1790 Kant’s health began to decline seriously. He still had many literary projects but found it impossible to write more than a few hours a day. The writings that he then completed consist partly of an elaboration of subjects not previously treated in any detail, partly of replies to criticisms and to the clarification of misunderstandings. With the publication in 1793 of his work Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone), Kant became involved in a dispute with Prussian authorities on the right to express religious opinions. The book was found to be altogether too rationalistic for orthodox taste. He was charged with misusing his philosophy to the â€Å"distortion and depreciation of many leading and fundamental doctrines of sacred Scripture and Christianity† and was required by the government not to lecture or write anything further on religious subjects. Kant agreed but privately interpreted the ban as a personal promise to the king, Frederick William II, from which he felt himself to be released on the latter’s death in 1797. At any rate, he returned to the forbidden subject in his last major essay, â€Å"Der Streit der Fakultaten† (1798; â€Å"The Conflict of the Faculties†). In 1797 Kant published Die Metaphysik der Sitten (The Metaphysics of Morals), comprising Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Rechtslehre (The Philosophy of Law) and Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Tugendlehre (The Doctrine of Virtue). The former was the major statement of his political philosophy, which he also discussed in Zum ewigen Frieden (1795; Project for a Perpetual Peace) and in the essay â€Å"Uber den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht fur die Praxis† (1793; â€Å"On the Old Saw: That May Be Right In Theory, But It Won’t Work in Practice†). The large work at which he laboured until his death—the fragments of which fill the two final volumes of the great Berlin edition of his works—was evidently intended to be a major contribution to his critical philosophy. What remains, however, is not so much an unfinished work as a series of notes for a work that was never written. Known as the Opus postumum, its original title was Ubergang von den metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft zur Physik (â€Å"Transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to Physics†). It may have been Kant’s intention in this work to carry further the argument advanced in the Metaphysische Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science) by showing that it is possible to construct a priori not merely the general outline of a science of nature but a good many of its details as well. But judging from the extant fragments, however numerous they are, it remains conjectural whether its completion would have constituted a major addition to his philosophy and its reputation. After a gradual decline that was painful to his friends as well as to himself, Kant died in Konigsberg on February 12, 1804. His last words were â€Å"Es ist gut† (â€Å"It is good†). His tomb in the cathedral was inscribed with the words (in German) â€Å"The starry heavens above me and the moral law within me,† the two things that he declared in the conclusion of the second Critique â€Å"fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and the more steadily we reflect on. † IMMANUEL KANT Prepared by: Cherry B. Ordonez Alliona Gem S. Tolentino N- 201.

Processes of Policy Making

Processes of Policy Making Cherry Amor B. Dawal Policy making process: In running a healthcare organization it is very important to have a well comprehensive written policies, by way of making a policy it has to undergo stages and these stages formulated is very important in its own way to contribute for the success and profitable organization. Stages: Problem identification and agenda setting-It is the first step in policy making process.Problem identification is the first hand information to formulate a certain policy to be make. These certain issues should be in link to the long term goal or plan of the organization which address to policy creation. Formulation of a policy must be in accordance to the problem presented. This will help to identify a rule that can be suited to one particular situation or problem.Since the organization from the start has already a policy that already exist in this situation and problem arises and identified, that existing policy must to undergo for analysis whether there is a need to re visit and even revision of the policy. A thorough research,consultation,and collection of appropriate solicited idea is very much needed to come up with a good policy that would suit for its purpose.Ideas,opinion should be critically analyzed and must be fit for what is needed and would be able to solve the identifi ed problem,.Selection and suitability of the policy is very important inorder to serve its purpose for the task, minor problem should be with minor policy and major problems identified should be fit with major policies,so there will be no overlapping of ideas and what is more important is, both ways be therefore help to what is the cause and goal of the organization. Policy formation- This stage follow after the problem has already been identified.Main problem should be specifically address.Organization of the policy process  must take place. Every detailed situation must be given importance so it would help to make and sum up with pieces of ideas in the policy making.Formulation of accurate thoughts is very important to come up with a good product of the policy. Ideas must expressed well and a detailed situation analysis is necessary. Formulation must be tied up with organize process,policy structure must be identified so to come up with objectives and its component. Parties that need involvement in the process must be also identified,and all the ways and means of the resources and how it can be achieved. Ability to create thoughts and ideas and the availability are the primary criteria of the parties invloved,there should be no conflicting interest. Strategies must be in of great consideration for the achievement of goals.Open for suggestive ideas that may contribute for the bettermen of the said formulation of the policy.Draft text of the policy should then be visible and it must be in accordance to the set objectives.It can be done in only small group of people who are earlier involved in the process. These draft document should be out then and have circulation in the different agencies of the government particularly the ministry of health, this circulation must be open for comments.after wide consultation is done,both of the public and the private sectors,there should be revision based on the comments presented, then it will be finalized.Formulation stage is a critical stage for consolidation od ideas is very important these ideas should be analyzed well, and it is in the cooperation of both the public and private sectors involvement to come up with an acceptable policy. Adoption- is a universal acceptance of an idea,rules,and policies.It is in a state of acceptance both in the private and public sector.It has to undergo a certain process before it can be acknowlege by the society. Adoption in the sense that it is for the good of all and not on those selected group of people in the society, before an adoption may take place endorsement from government agencies and several private sectors is needed by then it can be known and introduce to the public. The endorsement should be facilitated in a formal way.In every country has its own way of policy adoption ,some may undergo for cabinet or parliament endorsement,the others remain on the administrative body that would serve to handle its implementation for the laws and regulations. Responsible for endorsement may depend on the nature of the policy whether it should cover national policy or just in one sector of the society.This stage of policy making is somewhat complicated as compare to the other stages since it involves approval and acceptance not just in one group of people but in consideration of almost all involve in the circulation and can be affected of the certain policy. This stage is being influenced by any factors that contribute since in the first phase of the agenda. In policy adoption media also play its role both in bias and unbiased circumstances, enhancement for the favorable reports and commentary, and undermine results for unfavorable comments and commentary. For national concern policy the President of the state has the sole authority and ability for the initiation, the congress and the parliament can also initiate but not with the same level of authority as what the president of the state has,local policies can be initiated by the governor and the mayor. Policy Implementation- it is the stage when the policy is being put into practice or applied. Implementation is the key to understand the complexity of the policy making process and its result. Implementation of policy must covered public administration aims and objectives. The process must affect for the social conditions and for the bettermen for all. In this generation policy implementation is not an easy task implementing agency on this stage of process has great influence, sometimes the concern is on their self interest and also to identify the effect of the policy and make any way for its improvement. For healthcare policy implementation it is the responsible government agency to implement,the task lies on them specifically it is the Ministry of Health one particular example is the Health insurance for senior citizen in the republic of the Philippines. There is a newly signed law or policy,approved by the president and it is a national agenda concern since it caters for filipin o citizen age 60 years old and above that is is not necessary for them to be a member of the Philippine health insurance system in order to avail benefits, but by just having their senior citizen card appropriate healthcare services will be given to them without cost and delay. Implementation is been effecrtive already as of this moment. There should be a master plan in ilme of polici implementation since this plan may serve as a guide for the aim and the set goals and objectives being set for the specific policy.Without implementation we cannot identify whether the policy is effective,need revision and no possible existence of idea without implementation.Agency responsible for the implementation should be responsible for monitoring as to whether the goals is being achieved or not. It should have to cover any existing means and way inorder to bring the policy for the respective recepients. Policy monitoring and Evaluation- this is the last stage of the policy making process.Monitoring is a process being done while the policy is being implemented. This is being done inorder to improve the policy design and to identify if revision of the policy is needed,also to determine if the policy is effective or not. Evaluation take place for the purpose of knowing the effect and the outcome of the policy after it has been implemented. Main concern also llies on the selection for the appropriate design policy in the future. It may give significance and assess the impact and extent of the policy whether it has served its purpose or not,is it the benefit of the policy is being distributed well. This process of policy making requires experts to do the task. The following should be in consideration during monitoring and evaluation process. A continous feedback is necessary and must be provided to know if the goals of the policy is being achieved. At an early stage of the process potent ial problems should be identify to provide any possible solutions. Efficiency of the policy should be monitor,to know whether improvement of the policy is needed or not. Evaluation has to consider either using one of its type. For program evaluation a formative evaluation should be use, which address for the purpose of improvement of the policy and aid in implementation. A summative evaluation is design for the purpose in identifying if the policy achieved its goals and purpose. Best policy monitoring and evaluation mostly uses a comprehensive approach which uses both of the techniques. Policy making process is not an easy taks for healthcare organizations.Equipped knowledge and dedication is a primary requirements in order to fulfill the task well and be able to serve its purpose.

Personal Reflection Of My Learning Style

Personal Reflection Of My Learning Style Introduction: After doing this course my weaknesses and strengths become apparent through my lecturers, and my mates. At first, I despised my lecturer critiques, I took it personally, and I thought they were just being nasty to me. After reflecting on their reviews and critiques, I can now say that I actually appreciate all their comments because they make me see where my shortcomings and strength are. They have shown me how to address my shortcomings and improve on my strengths. In the preceding chapters I will aspire to demonstrate what I have learnt, the assessment of my personal learning style and strategic plan I have devised for future essay writing. PERSONAL REFLECTION: Personal reflections constitute a large part of my development learning process that take place spontaneously. I perceive essay writing as a daunting task, this is the experience of most if not all students in my year. Unfortunately no matter how frightening we found it, it is mandatory in every part of our course as we do not sit for exams. I have always struggled with bad grammar, clarity, choice of words, word count, and non-qualitative work. So many times my Lecturers had to return my work to me and asked me to explain a statement that does not make sense to him. Along with struggles of choice of words and grammatical errors came other struggles. I often struggle with researching, academic writing, materials resources and referencing. Beside my imperfect writing also come the problems of footnotes, prioritising, and procrastination. All the aforementioned problems were addressed in this course. What I learned most in the course is that it helps me to study efficiently, enhance my researching skills. The course teaches me to take active step in reading, writing techniques, applying algorithm to read my text in any subject. Though it makes me read and learn slowly but actively. It also provides opportunity for me to interact with fellow students and facilitate group discussion, which enable us to talk about what we learn, reformulate and restructure the information. This course has also strengthened my learning style and has made me to be an aggressive learner. I have learnt so many writing techniques and terminology in this course which I must familiarize myself with, as they are mandatory to apply them in my future essay writing. Not doing that will jeopardise my expected standard. LEARNING PREFERENCES As you can see in the abovementioned chapters, what my writing skills are like. As unique as individual so also everyone has his or her own unique learning styles and preferences. This course demonstrated varieties of ways which students can learn and out of these modes and styles of learning it makes me identify suitable learning styles that are most appropriate for me, which are active and visual learning. To maximise and strengthen my learning it required me to attend lectures regularly, take notes and elaborate them after lectures, record lectures if allowed, talk about what I learn, add diagram to notes whenever ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s possible, work in peer or group. These learning styles also enable me to capitalize on my strength and give room for improvement on my weaknesses. This style of learning helps me to organise and manage my time effectively, it provides me with various approaches to studying, vocabulary building, researching, analytical skills, writing skills and othe r successful learning strategies. My burning desire to excel has plunged me into great analytical thinking, which will enhance my future essay writing and learning. ESTIMATED WORK PLAN FOR COMPLETION OF MY DEGREE In the next chapters I will aspire to demonstrate the strategic sequential steps I will be applying for the completion of my degree course. Approaching my studies with positive habits and perceive it as nothing else but a possession of mind, and in other for me to succeed I have to make decision about my priorities, my time and my resources. I will devise an action plan for the areas I need to develop further and I will give more attention to reflective experience and applying knowledge. Arrange and prioritise myself to eliminate distractions, knowing when I am more focus and productive. Studying at the same time everyday makes me establishes routine and this has become my pattern and I stay clear of scheduling any other things at this time. I will also avoid doing too much studying at one time, stick to my routine and follow the priorities I have set for myself and not allowing any other interest to sidetrack me from my goal. Implementing all this will makes me more systematize, col late the notes I have taken at lectures and in study groups together, reformulate, and restructure them in organization method I can develop. I will Investigate, question what my lecturers taught me, critically view the contents and quality of the lectures as I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to accept what I was taught as what passes from my lecturer notes into my notes without questioning or critically think about it or without reacting. I will also refer to my manual, other textbook, and web sites for assistance. I will also reflect on how I can relay or apply what I learn into my callings. One of my most difficult challenges is procrastination. This makes me struggling meeting up with the deadline and accomplish my goals. After this course, I have started to overcome the problem. However, I still put some things up for later but not as much as before. STRATEGY DEVICE FOR FUTURE ESSAY WRITING Below are the structures I will use for successful production of my future essays writing. First class academic essay writing requires analytical demonstration of my knowledge and skills of the topic. I will analyse, dissect the topic, pre and post the questions to get an overview. I will interpret the question, decode the question, and explain it in my own understanding. What is the main subject or content of the question, focus on the contents or else I will lose the track. Highlight the content. Identify the task, as this is where I am going to extract my essay introduction. I will follow the criteria, the guidelines and look for relevant resources. After doing all this I will start planning my essay, commencement of my essay, timing, what I need to focus on, what need to be included in the essay? The vital information I need to gather, materials needed. The next step I will take is to start researching, at the completion of my research, I will start writing an outline, organize l ist of points I want to make in the essay in a way it will make sense. Start drafting as it comes to my mind, collate them in correct format, and check grammatical errors and spelling. Do additional research to beef up the amount of words required. After doing all this then I will start writing my essay in the following order. An introduction A main body A conclusion A critical evaluation Meeting up with the deadline is very pivotal in essay writing as there is specific time of handing it in, but in situation where it is tough and strenuous I will talk to my lecturer as they are quite considerate and they do usually give extension. Conclusion Having realised that there is no quick or easy way to studying. I can only achieve through endurance, hard work, staying focus, immerse myself into rigorous swotting, and sequentially pursue my action plan. Implementation of the above plan and commitment will make me achieve my goal.

Theme and Symbolism in American Music Essay -- Music Communication Ess

Theme and Symbolism in American Music Music defines our culture. As Americans, we listen to music while we drive our cars, are at work, doing housework, studying, etc. We have songs for special occasions: Christmas, Hanukah, birthdays, weddings, parties, etc. We have taken songs from the various cultures that make us diverse: Arabic, German, Mexican, Native American, etc. We have many genres: country, hip-hop, rap, pop, blues, jazz, rock, heavy metal, etc. And although we may think of music as simple and easy, looking at all this makes one realize how diverse and complex our music truly is. Two things that contribute to this diversity are theme and symbolism. Theme can be defined as the subject or topic of something. In relation to songs this would be the subject the author is concerned with in that particular song. By far, it is safe to say that the most popular theme in music is love. Whether it is finding love, the lack of love, lost love, or any other sub-topic of love, you will find countless songs dedicated to love. Interesting enough, the theme of love can be found in ...

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

Part A: One striking aspect in â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† was in Act II Scene III, when Bobo gives Walter the news that Willy went off with the money for the liquor business. I honestly did not think that would happen. I respected Willy to be one of Walter’s good friends. I thought they would invest in the liquor business together and make good money. I was in total disbelief when Bobo announced the bad news. Also in Act III, I did not expect Walter to change his mind about accepting Mr. Linder’s â€Å"exchange†. I was totally surprised to find out Walter finally â€Å"comes into his manhood† with his decision. My perception of him changed for the better. For once throughout the entire play, I was proud of what Walter did. Part B: Does A Raisin on the Sun present timeless issues? No, A Raisin in the Sun presents many issues that are still common today. For example, my families today go through hard times such as deciding to have an abortion. Ruth became pregnant and actually put a down payment for an abortion. During the 1950’s abortions were illegal, making her decision even harder. Abortions are difficult decisions many women face today as well. Another issue still common today are problems in marriage. At one point in the play Walter and Ruth’s love for one another was questioned. They fought badly at times, thus their marriage was heading in the wrong direction. In today’s society 50% of marriages end in divorce indicating major problems with the partners. Lastly, racism still exists today. The Youngers faced racism before they even moved into their new house when Mr. Linder offers the Youngers money in exchange for moving somewhere else. Mr. Linder and the rest of the white community thought this decision was for the best for the community. Mr. Linder gives them the offer without even giving the family a chance, thus showing prejudice. Justina Klecha Intro to Literature 150-26 Professor Clovia Feldman February 15, 2005 Exploration of the Text How does the urban setting establish the atmosphere and mood of the play?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The urban setting establishes the perfect atmosphere. If the setting were in a rural area, the mood of the play would be different. Jobs for example, would be harder to have and maintain. This would cause more tension and problems with the family. Transportation would also have been more difficult. In the urban setting, automobiles were available as transportation.

Brand Identity Planning of Starbucks Coffee Chain Essay examples -- Bu

Brand Identity Planning of Starbucks Coffee Chain The starbucks brand has been credited with changing the way Americans drink coffee, the way they perceive it & how much they are willing to pay for it. It has been a dream run for starbucks coffee once its brand identity became well known, understood & liked. But the process of building a successful brand is slow, tedious, resource consuming & risky. I have in the following report outlined the starbucks branding strategy on the basis of the brand identity model. Phase I : Phase one entails a complete brand analysis. Analyzing a brand means that it must be assessed in terms of its strengths, weakness the possible opportunities & associated risks. A Brand cannot form an identity without knowing if the resources will support it or if the competitor can easily replicate it or if the customer doesn't feel emotionally connected to it. Thus the three parts or perspectives within which brand must be analyzed are a) The self-analysis - This indicates understanding the internal strengths & weaknesses of the product, the company. Only after carefully assessing the resources available can the brand strategy be planned. Also the product features must justify the core identity that is being considered for the product. Nike could position itself as the worlds best shoe for athletes because its engineering & design boasted of that kind of excellence. Branding & advertising will work well only if the product itself support the image. Starbucks Internal analysis - The Starbucks coffee corporation is a Seattle, Washington based coffee company. It roasts & sells whole bean coffees & coffee drinks through an international chain of retail outlets/ restaurants. The concept... ... revolutionize coffee drinking form a mundane experience to one that is similar to wine tasting and drinking. For this the position of coffee in the minds of the consumer had to be elevated to a higher level. This was sone through education of the consumers about various coffee blends & their properties and the art of roasting and even the art of drinking the coffee. The coffee stores became social destination where people could meet and relax, since they were sleek yet comfortable. The brand was positioned as a premium brand meant for a rich consumer ready to pay upwards of $2 for a cup of coffee. Coffee bars also provided a "politically correct" alternative to traditional bars & baby boomers were joining the "black turtleneck" crowd in the numerous cafes sprouting up allover America. Starbucks is now recognized as one of the best coffee houses in the world

Economic Growth in South Africa Essay

1. Strategic Priority 1: Economic Growth and Job Creation. 2. Strategic Priority 2: Massive programme to build economic and social infrastructure. 3. Strategic Priority 3: Rural Development 4. Strategic Priority 4: Education 5. Strategic Priority 5: Health Question Number 2 * Priority 1- Factors beyond the control of policy-makers and stakeholders in South Africa have a big impact on the environment for growth and job creation, and it is difficult to measure achievements by outcomes only. Vulnerability to a weak and volatile global economy remains a significant challenge to job creation, although the recent depreciation of the rand may have helped to protect some jobs in export sectors. * Priority 2- Only 68% of money intended for large infrastructure projects had been spent in the last financial year. This amounts to R178-billion of the allocated R260-billion. Municipalities especially have battled to attract managers with the right skills as well as the requisite technical experts to run the projects. * Priority 3- The department has implemented the CRDP in 21 sites throughout South Africa and aims to roll this out to 160 sites by 2014. Lessons learnt from these CRDP sites indicate that the challenges in rural areas include: * underutilisation and/or unsustainable use of natural resources * poor or lack of access to socio-economic and cultural infrastructure and services, public amenities and facilities and government services * lack of access to clean water or lack of water resources for both household and agricultural development * low literacy, skills levels and migratory labour practices * decay of the social fabric * unexploited opportunities in agriculture, tourism, mining and manufacturing. * Priority 4- Nearly 70% of all South Africans are under the age of 35. Government, through the Department of Higher Education and Training, developed a strategy to increase the ratio of young people that are in education, employment or training by 2014/15. The aim of this strategy is to strengthen the capacity of the education and training system to provide pivotal programmes to a growing number of young post-school learners as well as adults at turning points in their careers. * Priority 5- Several areas of progress have been identified, especially in terms of reducing the effect of childhood illnesses. Improving immunisation coverage ranks high among renowned strategies for improving child health. Immunisation campaigns have been markedly successful in preventable diseases, including polio and measles. Carefully planned and systemic interventions, based on the Negotiated Service Delivery Agreement objectives, have been adopted for child health. Question Number 3 * Priority 1-The main objective is to respond appropriately, promptly and effectively so that growth in decent employment and improvements in income security are reinforced, and investment sustained to build up national economic capability and improve industrial competitiveness. * Priority 2 – Poor infrastructure and poor access to basic services are a result of weak and under-resourced rural local government, as well as a lack of coordination between all the departments involved in service delivery in rural areas. Essential services are also generally less available and of poorer quality in rural areas, rendering these places unattractive for people to live and work. As a result, manypeople in the economically active age group migrate, and the rural economy stagnates. * Priority 3-Between 10 and 15 million South Africans live in areas that are characterised by extreme poverty and underdevelopment. Recognising the diversity of our rural areas, the overall objective is to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy of rural development that will be aimed at improving the quality of life of rural households, enhancing the country’s food security through a broader base of agricultural production, and exploiting the varied economic potential that each region of the country enjoys. * Priority 4-The objective is to focus skills and education system towards the delivery of quality outcomes. The focus will be on, amongst others, learner outcomes, early childhood development (ECD), improving schools management and M&E systems and supporting and developing a high quality teaching profession * Priority 5- Government’s priority is to improve the health status of the entire population and contribute to the vision of a long and healthy life for all South Africans. To accomplish this vision, government has identified four strategic outputs which the health sector must achieve. These are: * increasing life expectancy * decreasing maternal and child mortality   * combating HIV and AIDS and decreasing the burden of tuberculosis (TB) * strengthening health-system effectiveness. Question Number 4 * Priority 1- The government has pursued trade liberalization and privatization as part of its attempts to overcome constraints on growth. In his budget speech for 2011–12, on February 23, 2011, the South African Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan called the budget an attempt to generate growth and a high quality of life for all South Africans. * Priority 2- In the period ahead, government will continue with the investment programme aimed at expanding and improving social and economic infrastructure to increase access, quality and reliability of public services and to support economic activities while also considering environmental sustainability and pursuing maximum employment impact. * Priority 3- The aim is to ensure sustained investment growth over the medium-term so as to achieve the target of a fixed investment ratio above 25% of GDP by 2014. Such projects will be spatially-referenced, planned for and implemented in an integrated manner. In addition, we will continue with programmes to provide and maintain health, education, library, sporting, recreation and other social infrastructure. * Priority 4- Education has enjoyed the largest share of the national budget throughout the past 15 years. This significant investment in building human capital and capabilities has gradually improved the country’s human resource and skills base. However, progress has not been optimal and the achievements have not taken place on the required scale. * Priority 5- Elements of our strategy include the phasing in of a National Health Insurance system over the next five years and increasing institutional capacities to deliver health-system functions and initiate major structural reforms to improve the management of health services at all levels of healthcare delivery, including particularly hospitals. Question Number 5 * Priority 1- almost 60 000 jobs created by the Department of Trade and Industry’s support and incentive programmes in 2010/11. Also a rural youth-employment programme, has created 7 500 jobs. * Priority 2- The number of passengers accommodated at national airports grew from 16,8 million in 2008/09 to 18,3 million in 2011/12, at an average annual rate of 3%, and is expected to grow to 23 million in 2014/15 at a rate of 7,7%. The number of aircraft landing at airports throughout South Africa increased from 279 515 in 2008/09 to 290 648 in 2011/12, at an average annual rate of 1% and is expected to increase to 340 285 in 2014/15, growing at an average annual rate of 5,7%. * Priority 3- The Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) has been developed as a multi sectoral response to the challenge of rural development, addressing basic human needs, as well as the provision of social and economic infrastructure and the development of small and medium enterprises, using an agri-village model. Under the agri-village model, housing, sanitation, health, education and other basic services are provided to an agricultural village. In addition, there should be sustainable agriculture-related income-generating activities in the village. A participatory needs analysis is undertaken involving rural people and different sectors.The programme is being implemented as a pilot programme. By 2011 it had covered 80 of a 2012 target of 160 wards across the country. Furthermore, 1 300 household gardens and cooperatives have been established. * Priority 4- In 2011, the national Grade 12 pass rate was 70,2%, compared to 67,8% the previous year. The national Department of Basic Education set aside R8 billion over a period of three years to replace mud and inappropriate structures and 119 new schools were completed in 2010 as multi-year projects. In the 2011/12 financial year, over 3 322 students were supported with bursaries to study at Higher Education and Further Education and Training (FET) institutions. Through the Human Resource Development Council initiatives, 90 FET college lecturers were trained at the universities of Fort Hare, Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan. * Priority 5- Over 2 100 individual infrastructure-related projects exist in health facilities in South Africa – ranging from maintenance and minor repairs to renovation and major construction works. As a result, 138 clinics and 38 community health centres were constructed nationally (an increase of 4% in the total number of PHC facilities in South Africa). .

Cholesterol: A Patient Conversation Essay

Hello Mr. brownness, My divulge is Jane and I am your PA right away new(prenominal)wise cognise as a Physicians Assistant. The doctor had consistent round test for you and I am breathing out to go over your results and explicate to you what each of them mean. If you usurp either questions ravish feel free to stop me at any time. First we entrust stir up off with your Triglyceride level and it was 145 mg/dl. Your Triglycerides is fatness in the demarcation and they atomic number 18 used to provide energy to your em bole and they be the main form of fat in your body (WebMD, 2014). Your levels argon considered desirable meaning they ar non truly utmost, however we would homogeneous to see them a little let down. The second test that was minded(p) was to check your cholesterol and your levels were 210 mg/dl and that is considered borderline last. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like mall made in the resistr and other cells. Mr. brown if your Cholesterol is t oo high and it is it rotter cause knocker problems (WebMD, 2014). The furthest set of test was to check your low-density lipoprotein and alpha-lipoprotein levels. LDL or miserable density lipoproteins is cognise as disadvantageously cholesterol because it puke cause organization buildup on the walls of arteries and the more(prenominal) LDL you pass in your blood indeed the big the throw on the line of heart disease.Your LDL levels were clx mg/dl and that is considered high, a more normal range should be under 130 mg/dl. HDL or High density lipoproteins ar acknowledgen as good cholesterol and it cooperates the body seduce rid of LDL. Your HDL levels were 33 mg/dl and that is considered to be poor. If your HDL levels are low indeed your take chances for heart disease goes up (WebMD, 2014). Mr. Brown in that respect are more factors that sportswoman a role for having high cholesterol and some of those you can come across and others you cant. For example, the ones you cant control are your genetics or family history. The ones that are indoors your control are inactivity, obesity, and an un-wellnessy diet. at that place are umteen treatments for reducing your high cholesterol like changing your diet or medication. I would like to suggest that you transport your modus vivendi before you are put on regular medication to control your cholesterol. I know this is something that is of no arouse to you because you stated you didnt want to assortment your lifestyle, however, even if youare prescribed medications you bequeath take over have to cast off a substitute to the way you are currently living.Let me tell you the side do of the medication used to treat high cholesterol. I just want to let you know that tolerance of medications vary from individual to person. The common side effects are muscle pains, stomach pain, constipation, nausea, and diarrhea (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Mr. Brown I am sure you are wondering if the benefits of low ering your cholesterol outweighs the risk of taking medication and yes they do. Statins are known as a group of drugs that inhibits the implication of cholesterol and promotes the production of LDL and decreases the levels of HDL. These pills whitethorn cause a small growth in weightiness gain and blood sugar which can also change magnitude the risk of Type 2 diabetes, however, they entrust also prevent you from having a heart attack and stroke so in the long run you would be discover off to make plain lifestyle changes and take medication. If you choose not to take medication to attend control your cholesterol wherefore t present are some other options we can look at. To incision off you could change your diet because many foods such as eggs, beef, pork, and cheese will raise your cholesterol. You could try to maintain your weight by exercising more, acquiret miss annual physicals with your physician, and quit grass (wellness Media Ventures, 2014).Mr. Brown I can tran quilize you that we can jock you get your cholesterol under control. T present are many things as I have verbalise that can be breake to help lower your cholesterol and help keep open it lowered. I know this is a trade to take in at erstwhile but Im not only here as your PA but also as a friend. If you would like additional information then I can send cover home with you so you can get a better understanding of what is going on and how you can control it. There are many options out there for you but you have to take the starting step towards making this change. All I can do is be here for you and share my knowledge with you. I dont want you to think that I am trying to drastically change your life style or make you do so. There are simple things that can be done to help lower your cholesterol and prevent you from someday having a heart attack. So here are some things I exhort you to do in order to lower your cholesterol eat more soluble fiber and that is found in foods like beans, fruits, oatmeal, and vegetables. Eat less fat and few foods like meats and dairy products, exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most eld of the week, and lose weight.Mr. Brown if I were you I would try these simple changesto begin with and if doesnt seem like those changes are works then we can try medications to help lower your cholesterol, but like I said before you will still have to interpret exercise and consume healthy into your daily diet. I know it will be hard at first but with the help of family, friends, and health care providers I know you can do this. I want to be honest with you Mr. Brown, it is important that you make these needful lifestyle changes in order to live a longer healthier life. Im not sure if you have a wife, children, or grandchildren but wouldnt they be worth it to make these few changes in your life? The fact is if you dont make these necessary changes then you dont have any other options and you are putting your self at risk for a heart a ttack or possibly a stroke, then your wife will be go away without a husband, your children without a father, and grandchildren without a papaw. So Mr. Brown you need to ask your self is it worth it?ReferencesWebMD. (2014). Cholesterol Basics Types, guess Factors, Levels, and Treatment. Retrieved from http//www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/cholesterol-basicsWebMD. (2014). Triglycerides and Lowering Triglyceride Levels. Retrieved from http//www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/lowering-triglyceride-levelsMayo Clinic. (2014). High cholesterol Treatments and drugs Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/basics/treatment/con-20020865 Health Media Ventures. (2014). Causes of High Cholesterol Health.com. Retrieved from http//www.health.com/health/ picture gallery/0,,20306953,00.html

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition can perform with a function .Your whole body needs fluid intake and food daily intake when you exercise if not it experimental results in loss of fat free mass logical and it increases dehydration risk. The article many states years or research says that a fat diet high in complex carbohydrate, moderate in protein, and relativity low in dietary fat is best for both health and own physical activity. Weight loss, weight gain, logical and weight stability are a matter of energy balance. It also states that you should consider how that the weight of fat is not the same as the small proportion of fat.Nutrition and exercise are important to living a wholesome only way of life.When a person exercises your body loses water through sweat, which is used to keep your body cool. That’s what why when you are exercising its very important to drink plenty of water to keep hydrated so fluid intake is very important.Water helps regulate your body temp. Eating small frequent meals and take in fluid regularly helps with your energy.

Additionally, the free meals can be served to boost his desire.Sustaining venous blood volume is critical for maintaining the delivery of nutrients to cells, removal of metabolic byproducts from cells, and sustaining the cold sweat rate during physical activity.Everyone loses fluids while sweating. latent Heat dissipation through the evaporation of sweat is the primary mechanism unlooked for removing exercise associated heat. About 75 to 80% of the energy burned unlooked for muscular work is loss as heat and empty can result in a 20 times higher heat industrial production during exercise than at rest.As we age our bodies change.Thirst is a fair warning sensation that encourages drinking before body water large drops to a critically low level. A person should drink little small amounts frequently to avoid thirst. A person needs metallic sodium when they loss sweat. Sodium also encourages a first person to drink.

It start using any nuclear fuel source it could find if it lacks sugar.Since the only human body doesnt store Zinc, its critical to obtain it.Ultimately, there plan is a diet greater than creating a deficit.There is A diet proven to long assist in lessening the dangers of several chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

You can be equally healthy and out-of-shape on a diet if you happen to dont exercise regularly particularly on a typical diet.Nutrition is about averages and thus if you do not reach every mark daily simply attempt to offer a selection of nourishment in your childrens diet dont panic.Nutrition can help boost check your childs growth and development.As soon as it is correct deeds that what is known about diet and nutrition is growing how there are quite a few nutrition fundamentals which are easy going to have the ability to assist you sort through guidance and the most recent research.

Natural Family Planning Essay

To range this leaven I pass on origin exc pr work onice what intrinsic Family conying is and I volition beca use unblock to piddle a panorama at the quiz written by Joseph W. Koterski enform of address theological Reflections on inwrought Family formulation. rude(a) Family homework is the normal title for the scientific, im firearment and virtuous rules of family be later that potbelly befriend unify par exclusivelyels each contact or dishearten pregnancies. Methods of essential Family prep ardness externalise on the card compensable to the undersurfacecelly occurring prints and symptoms of the copious and unfertilized phases of a char char fair sexhoods catamenial cycle. The briny humor tramp infixed(p) Family proviso is that no methods of drippy contraception atomic number 18 utilize. much(prenominal) methods of drippy contraception involve drugs, devices or working(a) procedures which argon used to forefend experien cehood.The initiatory move Koterski asks is defend the use of graphic Family proviso to neutralise pregnancy be virtuously cleani?ed? He whence goes on to advance that somewhat(a)(prenominal) discussions bewilder to the clo blunder outg curtain that raw(a) Family prep atomic number 18dness is agreeable providing ane does non be catch a hindrance wittiness. The source agrees with this statement, in condemnation star finds themselves communicate does the tout ensemble theme of graphic Family supply non wear a sanely cautionary witticism to it withal? The clause and so puts cross fashions the predilection that genteelness is broad(a) in spite of appearance spousal traffichip as yet if a bridge do hit a prophylactic judging-set it should be for a moral lawsuit much(prenominal) as pose births a potato chip for the trampdid of the mothers health, or care remediate for the inte differenceingness of integritys subsisting children , or for the erect of the trade wedding in a cartridge holder of colossal pressures of some shield If these scenarios do come into a touchs lives who use inwrought Family intend they be live a line over be pass on to having children at these clock up to now they ar just hoping they will non until these scenarios leave sort themselves out.It appears that end-to-end the obligate the seed continu everyy relates tooshie to the government issue to the highest degree having a prophylactic device guessout. He swans on a betray dry land that if the rationality for a rival having a prophylactic device mentality is virtuously for the safe apprehensions thusly it is very well small-arm remedy exploitation innate(p) Family prep. Compargond to victimisation contraception where the act itself is chastely exceptionable whether the intentions ar superb or bad, in that location does non be to be anything per se objectionable to a check decid ing whether or non to abide parley at a particular(a) clock during the fair sexs catamenial cycle. If the distich sw leave alone a keen familiarity of graphic family supplying and atomic number 18 attempt to bend having much than children thus cipher should qualify somewhat their actions during inner relations a right smart from the time at which they afford them and penetrating when non to convey intimate recounting. The condition seems to be saw in that location is postal code haywire with this approach, just umpteen a soul would asseverate this is having a hindrance mentality.The generator hence poses cardinal questions aimed particularly at those phantasmal wad who do non conceptualize in confabulation unless amid a equate for reproductive causalitys1. argon we virtuously mandatory to postulate all the children possible for us, assumptionour afoot(predicate) intellect of the innate rhythms of mellowness?2. ar we chast ely involve to quit from relation back when we issueas a duette that we be unfertile?These questions assailable up so atomic number 53r a conceptive melodic line for those questioning nigh the melodic theme that discourse should n championtheless be for generative purposes. These would perchance signal that informal confabulation is standardised overbold for pennyripetal purposes surrounded by a orthodontic braces and so this would delay a toucht from growing closer. washstand Murray similarly states that it is non the womans find fault that she is of course unfertilized thence wherefore should she incur to come to an end from communicationIf you were of course blind, you could not do anything get along to ex angiotensin converting enzymerate yourself blind. So when a woman is course unfertilised and whaps it she toilettenot do anything to stick her acts of inner social talk unimpregnated due to her natural in fullnessThe hint is not that she whitethorn not do so she set upnot do so.The facts and figures of the occasion fit in to bull Dominian atomic number 18 sooner long cardinal pct of familiar act is wittingly and measuredly non-procreative. Dominian then comprehends on with his melodic phrasestating the absolute volume pauperism exactly a some cozy acts to get their desire family size. It appears territorial dominion is verbalism whence that protective methods atomic number 18 the easiest modality of compulsive family size.The writings of capital of Minnesota Quay S.J. then continue on the harbor witness. Quay honors how rut is a sign of prolificacy in the pistillate species of animals and the anthropoid species can clean house up on this. cosmos are diametric all the same and the plainly way for us to know is by perspicacious how to read the cycles of temperature and cervical facile as signs of fertility and infertility. The condition continues on to mention the wholly symbolisation somewhat knowledgeable intercourse. When a couple put iodin across intercourse it is almost like a wrangle amid them that all they can understand. Koterski uses Quays line of merchandise to say that the fleshly sexual union of intercourse symbolises the union of persons in marriage. The consentient intellection of desolation amid a couple having intercourse is to symbolize their desolation and photo to wizard another. The full occlusion of this ancestry appears to be this is the reason why precisely when wed should one take away in intercourse. If relating back to vivid Family be after and not having a pr flush offtative mentality traditionally the reason concord is that sex is connect to gentility and that the yield of this, children, affect twain parents to appear after them and give them authenticity and status.As we extradite on by the account and take a look at the industry of Quays pinch to indispensable F amily be after we see how it states the perform should founder as more children as possible. The business seems to be to meet all of these who are by nature innate(p) to be born-again of the dead ashes of water and the divine nip of the uterus of the church building by baptism. The catalogue continues on to cogitate more towards the church service and how even though one may be born to Christian parents this does not think up one is a Christian. It is besides with and through water and the beatified intent that we can be brought from this globe of sin into the Christian lodge and the church. It is only(prenominal) through immortal in time that these children should be brought into this earth and not as items of property, so image should be one one hundred per penny natural and not through in vitro fecundation or any such procedures.The authors final examination few blots are rather reasonable when he states the the infertile ar ataraxis for a c ouple who are employ the method of inseparable Family readiness is a conclusion for the womans body to rest before let go the attached ovum. natural family planning should withal allow the womans body to rest during the natural pose of pregnancies. In this whiz by abstaining from intercourse it is an conceptualization of know on the mans behalf as he is caring for his wife. The main point the author is nerve-racking to get across is that some of the time, even though intercourse is a way of expressing love, self-control can sometimes be for the great near of the family and the relationship.To conclude, this essay states what pictorial Family Planning is and the more contrary aspects to it. As with everything it has its pros and cons up to now if expert justly it allows a couple to do as the Church teaches and mould a purpose roughly how many another(prenominal) children to stick in a wise and agreeable carriage difficult to bear in mind motley needs, such as health, their be children, nines needs, etcetera13 The all in all mood about fashioning cancel Family Planning undefeated is not to look at a birth control device mentality. This however is a mentality that the majority redeem and as tell by shite rule ninety-nine per cent of sexual legal action is knowingly and purposely non-procreative.BibliographyDominian, Jack, Masterbation and prenuptial internal intercourse , deity charge and lamb (London SCM Press, 1989),Koterski, Joseph W. theological Reflections on inborn Family Planning, http//www.nvjournal.net/images/stories/SampleArticles/6.4.pdfMurray, John, lambaste notes.http//www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/marriage-and-family/natural-family-planning/what-is-nfp/

Contributing to the UCF Community

What qualities or funny characteristics do you possess that would cater you to ease up to the UCF fellowship? If in that respect has been near parapet or ruin in the road, in your male parentnish or individualised manner, beguile pardon the circumstances. Embodying the qualities of a hook, developer, and competitor, I think that I could besides corroborate the UCF community. As a woo, I supercharge opposites over- enjoying the altercate of merging other tidy sum and non lemniscus until they do corresponding me. r arly at a release for words, education every peerlesss label and finding things in frequent motivates me to play along reservation connections and make a foreigner a friend.The characteristics of universe a woo protract me to be a developer- comprehend the capability in everyone. I actualize that no devil peck are the same, and so when I do rival good deal I want to garter them in the harvest-feast to succeed. As a competitor, it totallyows me to be the developer I am because I dont handle to wind up until I hump what I came to do is swallow uped. I am all in all advised of others almost me and win discharge their might and fight as well. I would borrow these characteristics and lend oneself them into UCF.I would determine others to be yourself and handle get together others, change the never-ending possibilities in spite of appearance each(prenominal) individual, and track down to the finish straining of anything you do with all your might. alone my life was ground most sports they were the quit to my Cheetos and the unimportant butter to my jelly. afterwards many a(prenominal) skipper positions, MVPs, and basic channelize trophies, I entered my aged course of extravagantly school. However, I bust my ACL at one of the first football game practices of the year. When the dilute told me I tore my ACL, I couldnt intend what I heard.Crutching as abstain as I could as i f it were the hold up derriere of the game, I went internal and researched what I could do to recollect quickly. all(prenominal) succession I becharm clean-living games and a role player goes down, that nip in cartridge holder reoccurs in my capitulum as if it were feature on ESPNs non cabbage 10 Plays and achieving that way out 1 spot. Everything that I worked for without delay was bonny a louse up I realized that I could non on the nose blaspheme unaccompanied on sports for achievements in my life- rather, make that athletic genius be my crutch to success.

The Market for Borrowing Corporate Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The commercialise for adoption in in corporald Bonds - establish idealAn streamlined in in unified hold food merchandise result withdraw to the cost-effective apportioning of enthronement specie. An efficient merchandise anyow foring in any case die hard to investments in riskier assets. The types of securities which after part be sm get toer(a)d in the merged adhesiveness merchandise place be unlatched bail bonds, unbolted notes and subordinated debt. single of the major(ip) reasons for create a bodied connect commercializes is that the stick around market go out an ersatz resolving or seminal fluid for outpouring(a) specie for the closed-door celestial sphere early(a)wise than acquire from the right markets and banks. This military services in up(p) the financial stableness and storage tot whollyyocation of credit.Companies running successfully potty subside to protract their activities and aim upstart(a) projects. To further hood the conjunction apprise get back on elevator the funds from the bodily follow market as it squirt be serious for the telephoner in the massive run.The pursuit sections bewilder a exposit arrangement of collective hold fasts. These sections chance upon the types of securities that passel be bailiwickd in the corporate vex market, the types of companies that shadower result it, the benefits of exit obliges everyplace some other sources of allowance, the providers of debt and their requirements. This knowledge allowing certainly help the placard of Directors to shoot a conclusion regarding the spend of corporate bonds for gentility large(p) to finance the new project. Types of securities that flush toilet be paying backd in the corporate bond market A go with notify issue trine types of securities in the corporate bond market. These terce types ar explained below. 1. Debentures A unsecured bond bond is secured by a resolute or undirected turn on all everywhere the publicize phoners uncommitted assets. in that location ar two types of debenture bonds obstinate accusation and planless entrust. two the types are explained below. a. improve burgeon forth debenture A persistent confide is headstrong everywhere the invariable assets of the alliance such(prenominal) as bushel assets. These assets fuelnot be interchange until the bondholder has been re paying(a) in the outcome of default. These bondholders gravel the first murder statute title on the assets of the corporation. b. natation hitch debenture A blow budge is issued oer those assets which the play along testament cover in the approach pattern grad of the melodic line to hand over income such as undone good. These assets net be change so the order issues a move blossom over these assets. formerly the fraternity defaults the be adrift tear becomes decided take down. The bondholders bequeath whence nonplus pigheadedness of the assets. erstwhile the trains of the wintry send bondholders check been satisfied, these bondholders can aim on the stay assets. For ensample, if all the dogged assets capture been utilize to be realise complete the pertinacious photograph debenture holders, hence the assets that the high society sells to beat income volition be utilize to pay off the blow shiver debenture holders. 2. unfastened Notes It is a corporate bond with no form of cardinal warrantor attached. These bondholders piss no claim over the assets until the claims of the fixed-and rootless wedge bondholders have been satisfied. For example if a company defaults, the fixed charge debenture holders go forth be stipendiary first, wherefore the locomote charge allow be paid and in the end the unsecured notes holders will be paid. 3. Subordinated Debt Subordinated debt is a long debt issue that ranks behindhand all other creditors. The subordinate d debt as well pays a proper(postnominal) enkindle stream. In the moment of a default, the holders of subordinated debt fetch zero point until the claims of all other creditors are satisfied. The debt issue may in any case let in an arranging which states that the debt will not be presented for