Hester Prynne

Hester Prynne connotes a ladies of beauty and wild soul. Solid willed and delightful, Hester Prynne has additionally opposed the Puritans ways. In spite of the fact that she is polite and prideful, she is confronted with the difficulty of being a miscreant. The blamelessness of any human can be removed instantly, and on account of Hester Prynne, her guiltlessness gets away from her after she submits a horrendous sin. Hester is quickly segregated in her town since she submits a demonstration of infidelity, bringing about a Scarlet Letter always engraved on her chest, filling in as a steady token of the errors from multiple points of view all through The Scarlet Letter, Hester defeats her wrongdoing and makes up for herself to her town, uncovering her internal force and quality. Despite the fact that Hester’s circumstance leaves compels her to be a pariah in the town, she despite everything limits quality and disposes of the mark of being a â€Å"Adulteress† by demonstrat ing soundness. Hester Prynne is the primary image of disengagement and estrangement all through The Scarlet Letter.Nathaniel Hawthorne underlines her segregation by composing that she is â€Å" Alone on the planet, push off by it, and with this sole fortune to keep her heart alive, she felt that she had the indefeasible rights against the world† (Hawthorne 100) in view of her transgression. As an image of malevolence and haziness, Hester is seen by her exacting Puritan town as an outcast. After Hester’s wrongdoing of infidelity was known to all, Hester's notoriety and presence of what individuals saw her as is totally changed and her decency began going unnoticed.The town's brutal musings of her transgression are uncovered through a neighborhood lady as she affirms that â€Å"†¦ At the least, they ought to have put the brand of hot iron on Hester Prynne's forehead† (Hawthorne 36). Hester never gets away from the sentiments of being distanced in a mind-blowi ng movement. Her â€Å"ornament,â€the red letter,â€which was her fate to wear† (Hawthorne 79) was appeared all through town, sequestering her from every other person. Hester realizes that regardless of whether she was permitted to remove the letter, â€Å"It is too profoundly branded† (Hawthorne 63) and consistently be engraved in her heart.This makes Hester detached from her blessed society and powers her to turn into a â€Å"black flower† (Hawthorne 45). In spite of the fact that Hester is detached, she is as yet ready to discover quality in herself. Hester Prynne is interesting and not the same as different ladies in her town as a result of her â€Å"richness of complexion† (Hawthorne 50). A great deal of her quality is uncovered in the start of The Scarlet Letter. One of these early instances of her quality is when Hester is placed before the town on a scaffold.Instead of Hester disgracing ceaselessly from her transgression when she is placed be fore her town, she â€Å"appeared more woman like†(Hawthorne 50) and sure about herself. In any event, when Hester has been freely mortified and is compelled to keep wearing The Scarlet Letter on her chest, she doesn't attempt to conceal her wrongdoing. As she remained there with â€Å"a certain state and dignity† (Hawthorne 50) before the judgemental Puritans, she conquers dread and limits her quality. In addition to the fact that she shows her strength by not disguising her transgression, yet she likewise starts to change people’s contrary assessments about her.Hester gives her decency in the network by helping poor people and making garments. Hester’s new mentalities permit the individuals to start to decipher Hester’s Scarlet Letter diversely on account of her benevolence. Rather than being known as the inadmissible philanderer, â€Å"they said that it implied â€Å"Able†; so solid was Hester Prynne, with a woman’s strength† (Hawthorne 158). This shows Hester places her assurance most importantly and can step out of her disengagement by offering back to her locale. These activities empower her to fit in again as a typical resident and make up for herself as the lady she realizes she can be.All taking all things together, it is hard for some individuals to look past their own deplorable circumstances and the activities for which they hold regret. In any case, in contrast to numerous others, Hester is inevitably ready to simply that. Hester encounters a lot of enduring because of her past wrongdoing of infidelity, yet in spite of that she is as yet ready to defeat that through her respect and solid will. Hester demonstrates that The Scarlet Letter was not should have been taken off with the end goal for Hester to change. She likewise dismisses numerous contributions to expel the devil’s mark from her chest, and reacts by saying that â€Å"It is too profoundly branded.Ye can't take it off. With t hat I may persevere through his anguish, just as mine† (Hawthorne 63). She unmistakably acknowledged her transgression and remained solid herself as well as for Pearl and the other around her to complete the cycle before the finish of the novel. The Scarlet Letter gives extraordinary difficulties to Hester, yet she doesn't let the battles get to her. By remaining a solid and decided lady, Hester improves as long as she can remember and comes around to make up for herself in her little Puritan town.

Bears :: Animals Wildlife Nature Essays

Bears â€Å"If you converse with the creatures, they will converse with you, and you will know one another. On the off chance that you don't converse with them, you won't know them, and what you don't have any acquaintance with you will fear. What one feelings of dread, one destroys.† This was said by Chief Dan George and is regular with numerous wild creatures here in North America; one creature specifically, the bear. There are three unique kinds of bears in North America: earthy colored (or grizzly), polar, and dark. The most widely recognized in the Northern Virginia region are mountain bears (Palmer and Lickley, 2001). Despite the fact that the Native Americans regarded and even loved bears, they turned into an image of threat, animosity, brutality, and dread for the white man as he moved onto Native American grounds. Today, individuals dread bears in light of stories they’ve caught wind of assaults, motion pictures they’ve viewed, or different individual reasons, however here is an alternate story. Bear assaults are extremely uncommon. In the course of the last one hundred years, less than fifty individuals have passed on from wild bear assaults, and just a single hundred and fifty such assaults have been accounted for as genuine (Animal Planet, 2004). Bears don't assault since they are bears and it’s their temperament; actually, they are not normally forceful. Past and recent developments have influenced bears and the manner in which individuals see them, however bears are not horrendous animals that assault voluntarily. Experiences with bears don't need to be loathsome; ther e are stages an individual can take to guarantee their own security and the wellbeing of the bear. To begin with, for what reason do bears assault? Bears are creatures and act instinctually so as to endure. They are omnivores, so they eat both meat and plants, for example, berry or blossomed plants, rodents, and fish. Bears are social, unsurprising (in the event that you get them), inquisitive about their condition, and they don’t have a plan. They live in a strength chain of command and they are not regional, however they will shield their own space (Emerald Air Service, 2004). Each bear shifts and has an alternate safe place. A few bears, normally more youthful ones, will move toward objects they are interested about inside two inches, while different bears don’t get inside two miles of something new.

Presentation School

Presentation SchoolIf you want to attend a presentation to school, it can be expensive. It may be the case that if you attended a school that provides you with a GED instead of a diploma, that you can save a considerable amount of money. Many people who are not in high school can attend school and learn how to be successful at their jobs.The decision is yours to make when you decide to continue to work and work for your job. If you can take a class and then go back to school for the remainder of your life, that's what you should do. You don't have to spend a lot of money on your education. You don't have to worry about bills and more debt.The key to selecting a school is to look for one that has a good reputation. That means that you have to do some research. A school will only accept students who have an associate's degree or higher. After you do some research, it will become clear to you which schools are affordable and which are going to cost you a lot of money.A lot of schools ar e likely to be in a difficult position. They don't want to force you to pay more than necessary. They may be forced to hire you at a higher salary. That's the way it works. So they are probably going to charge more in order to pay you an increased salary.The second way to get a presentation to school at a price that you can afford is to take advantage of the interest. If you need to borrow money to pay for college, or to help pay for any other reason, you may find that the interest that you pay on your loan will be less than the principal. That makes the loan cheaper.This means that the school can offer the classes to you at a reduced price. As long as you can make payments on time, the school can remain in business. In addition, when you finish the program, the school may allow you to go to class and earn a diploma for free. This means that you are going to earn credit for having a degree, which may be attractive to you. The credits earned may be good for a wide variety of places.I t's important to find a school that is legitimate. There are a lot of things that can go wrong if you choose a school that isn't legitimate. For example, a student who gets the wrong information from the school. A student who needs to take tests that aren't legitimate is usually not going to pass.If you take a look at the school, you'll find a lot of things that are fraudulent. It's probably best for you to look at other schools. If there is one school that seems to be legitimate, there are others that you should consider. You may find that there are a lot of things that go wrong with a presentation to school, but they're really not all that bad.

Race, Class, Gender And Class Relations At A Real Estate...

Race, class and gender affect the work experience of almost all workers in the American market. The three main areas race, class, and gender interlock to form the matrix of domination because they interlock and overlap one another. The areas that the overlapping and interlocking effect are the areas of America s work experience and its effect on earnings and labor conditions. These three forces help to shape the experience of workers, and depending on various dynamics, for example if there is an economic slump or not, one of the three will feel more noticeable or meaningful for different people. The examination of the societal formation of race, gender and class relations at a real estate agency where the people are diverse will help expose the dynamics of power relations. The areas affected by these societal formation include the outlook of individual workers access to privileges, power within the institution, and group interactions that occur. Again the place of observation was a real estate agency in Dublin, Ohio. The name of the agency is concealed for confidentiality and privacy purposes (due to the nature of the paper). The office is located near XPO Logistics in a residential area that lies just to the west. The area has been rapidly developing and construction has been booming in the area. The area is also primarily inhabited by the middle and high class families. This is due to the fact that people in the area have a lot of money because there are a lot ofShow MoreRelatedAin t No Making It Chapter Summaries Essay9177 Words   |  37 Pagesseemingly ok with staying working class? MacLeod challenges the notion that America is the land of opportunity with research he conducted while in college. He uses the research of several reproduction theorists to show that schools not only are not great equalizers, as most think, but actually reinforce social inequality. Chapter 2 Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, both Marxists, believe the American education system builds off of and reinforces the structure of class relations in the U.S. by training theRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 Pagesbecome delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. In order to understand why some of the young people living in the global cityRead MoreConstraints of a Business Plan7946 Words   |  32 Pagesover recent decades, as well as recognition of the fact that the employees most vulnerable to low pay were rarely unionised in the first place. Age Discrimination. Like race and gender discrimination, age discrimination, at least when it affects younger workers, can result in unequal pay for equal work. Unlike race and gender discrimination, age discrimination in wages is often enshrined in law. For example, in the United Kingdom, minimum wage laws allow for employers to pay lower wages to youngRead MoreThree Waves of Variation Study14802 Words   |  60 PagesThe treatment of social meaning in variation has come in three waves of analytic practice. The first wave of variation studies established broad correlations between linguistic variables and the macro-sociological categories of socioeconomic class, sex class, ethnicity and age. The second wave employed ethnographic methods to explore the local categories and configurations that inhabit, or constitute, these broader categories. In both waves, variation was seen as marking social categories. This paperRead MoreScale of Hospitality Industry4371 Words   |  18 Pages4) Transportation syste m: The system moves the product from the factory, to the customer. The hospitality industry depends on transportation systems to move supplies and customers to their businesses. 5) Marketing services agencies: Marketing research firms, advertising agencies, media firms, and marketing consulting firms help companies to target and promote their products to the right market. 6) Financial intermediaries: Includes hanks, credit companies, insurance companies, and other firms thatRead More Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay6862 Words   |  28 Pagesarrangements surrounding the production and marketing of plantation crops, has seriously affected society in Jamaica†. In other words, the slave mode of production was a crucial factor in the establishment of Jamaica’s structural society. â€Å"Jamaica’s class structure today reflects its history as a colonial plantation society and its beginnings of industrial development characterized by a high rate of inequality and poverty† (Waters, 1985: 26). Rebellions While the roots of domination and oppressionRead MoreEssay on Africans in Colonial Mexico5451 Words   |  22 Pages000 slaves arriving each year 1580-1650; it is estimated that a total of 200,000 Africans were brought to Mexico during the colonial period.[2] Given this large number of slaves, the lengthy period of their importation, and the inevitable mixing of races, which took place throughout the colony, the historical and cultural significance of bozales, criollos, mulattoes, and zambos is far-reaching. The colonial period provides an excellent starting place for an examination of the significance of theseRead MoreRe-entry: Prison and Reentry Programs4772 Words   |  20 Pagesmay be disqualified from obtaining the license and consequently turned down for employment. Some examples of professions requiring licensing are: accountants, ambulance drivers, attorneys, barbers, contractors, nurses, physicians, pharmacists, real estate agents, and teachers. Further, individuals wi th a felony record may be barred from entering the Armed Forces. Lastly, more and more employers carry a common misconception that a lack of a criminal record equates to good moral character. WithRead MoreWorkplace Health, Safety and Welfare4766 Words   |  20 Pageshigh morale. - The Labour Investigation committee (1944-46) includes under labour welfare activities anything done for the intellectual, physical, moral and economic betterment of the workers, whether by employers, by government or by other agencies, over and above what is laid down by law or what is normally expected as per of the contractual benefits for which the workers may have bargained. - The Report of the Committee on Labour welfare (1969) includes under it such services, facilitiesRead MoreSweden Essay2722 Words   |  11 Pagesmain representative of people. This document formalized practices in the operation of the system of government. It became accepted through custom. Another purpose was to establish constraints against discrimination on grounds of race, ethnicity, skin color and gender and to allow for the right to strike for unions and for employers to lock workers out. All elements of the constitution apply to Swedish citizens and all elements apply to non-citizens except where they are specifically excepted.

Relationship Between Society And The Individual - 2194 Words

The relationship between the individual and society is not just something found throughout human history, but also within the pages of a literature classic. From the first days of settlement in America, to racial tensions and slavery, to the development of capitalism, there has always been a relationship between the individual and society that is reflected in the written pieces of each time, revealing the connection between oneself and the collective spanning across the centuries. ‘The Scarlet Letter’, written in a Puritan world, and ‘Bartleby, The Scrivener’, written in capitalist America, are two key examples of literature that expose, detail and discuss the relationship between society and the individual in American history. Alexis de Tocqueville (1835), a French political thinker, stated that individualism is not mere selfishness, but is â€Å"a mature and calm feeling, which disposes each member of the community to sever himself from the mass of his fellows and to draw apart with his family and friends, so that after he has thus former a little circle of his own, he willingly leaves society at large to itself [†¦] individualism, at first, only saps the virtues of public life; but in the long run it attacks and destroys all others and is at length absorbed in downright selfishness†. In this sense, the relationship between the individual and community is seen as a negative one, with individualism being a selfish time-bomb that explodes and destroys the collectiveness needed toShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between An Individual And Society1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between an individual and society is that individuals make up society by their exchange of different goods such as : materials, women, and services. Humans need their society, and each society has its own way of creating it. The exchange of materials is important in many societies where the material from one group with in society to another is how they relate. Instead of materials being important, there are some cultures who’s models of kinship trade women from family to family inRead MoreSociology : Relationship Between Individuals And Society894 Words   |  4 PagesSociology stresses the relationship between individuals and society. Self-influences society through actions of the individual; the self emerges in and is a reflection of society. Society influences the self in a reciprocal fashion. Through shared language and meaning the individual is allowed to take the role of other through social interactions. The self and what individuals do is dependent to a large extent on the society where they live. According to Sociology, there are two important factorsRead MoreRelationship Be tween the Society and the Individual Explored in Ceremony and Into the Wild1580 Words   |  7 Pages The society and the individual have a strong and close relationship. It has been noted that an individual is formed and shaped in relation to the society in which he or she grows in. The society provides the individual with the necessities of life and it is the duty of the individual to use these necessities in the most reasonable way without exploitation. The society provides economic, political, cultural and social structures that help the individual carry out his or her daily duties effectivelyRead MoreThe Changing Relationship Between Individual and Society in Modern Drama3272 Words   |  14 Pagespolitical insights meant to shape society and help it along the path to... enlightenment? Playwrights, however, need not necessarily follow the current sways of politics or the en vogue intellectuals, they write what they believe is the most valuable message to mankind; theirs is the role of observing, criticising and evaluating. A common theme visited by playwrights in modern drama , was the question of the relationship between the individual, and the society in which he lived. The Norwegian playwrightRead More Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel: The Relationship between Society and the Individual3476 Words   |  14 PagesSimmel: The Relationship between Society and the Individual Each of the four classical theorists Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel had different theories of the relationship between society and the individual. It is the objective of this paper to critically evaluate the sociological approaches of each theory to come to a better understanding of how each theorist perceived such a relationship and what it means for the nature of social reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Karl Marx noted that society was highlyRead MoreWhat is ‘legal consciousness’? How can a consideration of ‘legal consciousness’ assist in analyzing the relationship between law, society and individuals? Draw on contemporary and historical examples to illustrate your discussion.1765 Words   |  8 Pageswithin the law and society may be described as acts of legal consciousness. The term legal consciousness is used to describe an understanding of the law, society, and ones place within. This awareness is informed by, and informs our societal interaction at both a group and individual level. It is my strong belief, that through critical reflection of our legal consciousness, we are empowered with the ability to influence and analyze the role of law and its effectiveness within society. Legal consciousnessRead MoreComparing similarities and differences between Medieval Europe, China and Islamic countries.1489 Words   |  6 PagesRelationsh ips between the individual and society vary between cultures, religions and ethnicities. Nevertheless, throughout history, how the individual is seen in society varies accordingly. In Medieval Europe, China and Islamic countries, religious beliefs and different philosophies greatly contributed and effected how individuals in a community acted and interacted with their society and other countries. Different lifestyles and common norms contributed to the differences in relationships becauseRead MoreA Young Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesinterdependent relationship exists between the individual and society. It is also accurate to state that in order for both the individual and society to flourish, the two entities must complement one another in values, beliefs and needs. It may be perceived that through carefully constructed characterisation throughout his eighteenth century novel ‘The Sufferings of Young Werther’, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe hol istically depicts the way in which the relationship between society and the individual can shapeRead MoreSpeech From Alone Together : Why We Expect More From Technology And Less From Each Other1457 Words   |  6 Pagestangible objects such as technological products, help create relationships among human beings themselves, and among human beings and physical objects. From these relationships, most people have either faced acceptance or rejection from the people or things they have related with. Some of these are results of differences in what is conventionally accepted as normal while others are just results of unfulfilled expectations from the relationships created. In Andrew Solomon’s article â€Å"Son,† he discussesRead MoreThe Impact Of National Culture On The Administration And Hierarchical Conduct Of An Association Working1419 Words   |  6 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Business cultures vary from nation to nation because of the impact of its national society. The national culture is moulded by different variable rights from the beginning of that nation to the present day social changes. The social estimations of the countries have huge impact in the day to day life of individual and too in its cultural, economic, business and political environment. The effect of national culture on the administration and hierarchical conduct of an association working

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1341 Words

On the other end of the spectrum, many frequent marijuana users are against legalization for the many constraints it will place on their use. The way the states have been regulating the drug disallows anyone under twenty-one to obtain the drug, even for medical needs, and it hinders their ability to drive while the drug is in their system (Evergreen). The stipulations concerning driving will cause inconveniencies for frequent users due to the variations of time in which the drug stays in a person’s system, often ranging from hours, to days, or even weeks. (Evergreen). Many varying conflicts of interest collide when discussing how to legalize the drug. All sides must be considered. There must be stipulations to appease the government, laws for those who need it medically, those who want to benefit from the drug recreationally must be considered, those who do not want the drug at all, and those who want the drug for its business opportunities must all be recognized. The laws cre ated will not be perfect and they will require all parties to afford a bit of flexibility. Despite the difficulties achieving legalization may hold, endeavoring to do so will prove important to the future of our society. The significance of the benefits legalization would bring to our community, our economy, the government, and the health of our nation’s people cannot be ignored. Currently, over one hundred million Americans have used the drug, despite it being illegal, and 6% of Americans use itShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1145 Words   |  5 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been actively used for centuries. This drug can be traced back to 2737 BC by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. He spoke about the euphoric effects of Cannabis and even referred to it as the â€Å"Liberator of Sin.† Since early on, marijuana was seen as a medicinal plant that was recommended for medical uses. Marijuana is currently in schedule I, which means that physicians are not allowed to prescribe it in the United States (Hart, Ksir 2013). This drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?997 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize It: The Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana Should marijuana be legalized? Many Americans have been asked this question or have heard some type of news about the issue. Marijuana is commonly known as cannabis which refers to the dried up hemp plant cannabis sativa, even though marijuana is a plant and has no chemical additives it has been a tropic of controversy for many years but nowadays it is in the spotlight more than ever. For centuries, marijuana has been used by people throughout theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conducted

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Law Reform free essay sample

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMCG’s) inhabit an active presence in all states and territories in Australia. Some members of these gangs are responsible for serious organised crime and yet the total gang and membership numbers of Australian OMCGs is rising. According the Australian Crime Commission1. (ACC), Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs are among the most detectable components of Australia’s criminal landscapes and because unlike other criminal organisations who try and keep themselves anonymous, OMCGs on the other hang maintain websites, openly represent themselves through gang patches, tattoos, leather and publicly fight amongst themselves. These gangs have two sides; one legitimate operation of business (transport, private security, entertainment and construction industries) and then the other in the production and distribution of illegal substances and activity such as vehicle rebirthing, serious assault, serious frauds, arson, high tech crime, organised theft, property and traffic offences, money laudering, drug and firearms trafficking and much more. Fourty-four gangs in Australia are being of interest, with a total of 179 gangs and 4,480+ members in Australia2. . There is a string Pacific Islander and Middle Eastern presence in a number of these gangs and in some instances some gang members don’t even ride motorcycles. Numbers of individuals and motorcycle gangs argue that motorcycle gangs are constantly being unfairly targeted. Mr Errol Gildea, President of the Hell’s Angels Motorycycle Club opposed suggestions that motorcycle gangs were involved in organised crimes and commented, â€Å"the club does not break the laws as a rule, if individuals do, that is their business. They should be dealt with. But we are not an organised crime outfit. † 3. Gang members say they’ve noticed an increase in the public’s and police officer’s attitude towards them, and blame the government and media, who especially stereotypes and dehumanises them. However, it is noted that the ‘code of silence’ adopted by OMCGs contributes to the negative perceptions of the clubs and make it difficult for law enforcers to bring justice to individual bikers engaged in criminal activity. OMCGs mainly make their income from the manufacturing business and distribution of illegal drugs, and by having a business, mostly being tattoo parlours, they can put some of the income derived from those illegal activities and declare it as income through the business, basically disguising the mass amount of money. â€Å"Across Australia, outlaw motorcycle gangs are entrenched in the tattoo industry. Police conservatively estimate 1 in 4 tattoo parlours are bikie-affiliated. In NSW alone, police have recorded 189 crimes at tattoo parlours over the past 3 years†, says Alex Mann from Abc 7:30 investigation4.. Tattoo parlour businesses that aren’t owned by bikies say that they’ve been branded a bad name. They’ve also seen as big competitors for other businesses. These gangs make up only a small percentage of Australia’s crime rate by yet this small percentage is troublesome to the government. They are financially a stress to the government and are hard to expose. To police they’re views are negative as they stuff up society, meaning more they have to domesticate and take care of. Legal Issues Increasing prevalence of international connections, with gangs cooperating with other regions overseas and with sophisticated and high-threat organised crime groups operating in Australia and internationally. OMCGs are evolving in response to changes in criminal environment and attempts by law enforcement to counter their criminal activities. Members play a leading role in Australia’s domestic production and involvement in illicit drug markets; particularly of amphetamine type stimulants. OMCGs also hire external expertise when needed, such as lawyers, accountants, chemists and real estate agents. Pose a serious risk and nuisance to public and their safe being because they are liable to react violently to rival OMCGs to harass their members or for trespassing on their territory (Gold Coast Syd Airport) They are problem in which is growing as both social and financial cost related to gang violence and crime in both Australia and NZ. The issue costs the Australian Government over $15 billion dollars annually. The Australian Crime Commission conservatively estimates that serious and organised crime costs Australia $15 billion every year. This cost comprises loss of business and taxation revenues, expenditure on law enforcement and regulatory efforts, and social and community impacts of crime. Raising public awareness of crime issues is an important step in minimising the impact serious and organised crime can have on the community. The Government has introduced many initiatives aimed to dismantle and investigate OMCGs in Australia. The most recent tasks include; The Attero Task Force, established by the Serious and Organised Crime Coordination Committee, an initiative between state and territory law enforcement and Commonwealth agency partners to target, disrupt, disable, dismantle and investigate the criminal activity of the Rebels OMCG in Australia and was the first of is kind to tackle a specific Australian OMCG. June 2012 National Anti-Gang Task Force, which fights gang related crime as well as an Australian Gang intelligence centre to provide national criminal information and trends on gang activity across Australia and its links overseas. The force includes members from the Australian Federal Police, State and Territory Police Forces, Australian Customs, Border Protection, Department of Immigration and Citizenship, the Australian Taxation Office, Centrelink And the Australian Crime Commission. March 2013. Australias first national security strategy, Strong and Secure: A Strategy for Australias National Security, which provides a principle framework to guide Australias security improvements over the next 5 years. Jan 2013. The Commonwealth Organised Crime Strategic Framework (OCF) and the National Organised Crime Response Plan (OCRP) strengthen varied approaches, organisation, information sharing and combines activities to combat organised crime. As organised crime in Australia continues to grow and transform over time, Australias response strategies will also develop and transform to counter new challenges in the fight against organised crime. In recent years, most States and Territories have enacted legislation that gives authorities greater powers to tackle gang related crime. Often the stated aims of governments when introducing such laws has been to target the activities of outlaw motorcycle clubs. However, the legislations never refer specifically to organisations and also applies to any person or group that meet the terms active in the corresponding Acts. Each State and Territory has there own legislation to combat organised crime groups, including OMCGs. The table5. contains some brief information regarding the provisions of each Act, the lawsuit that has taken place in relation to the legislation in Western Australia, South Australia, NSW and Queensland, and some of the amendments that have been made to some of these Acts since they were first introduced. The table starts with South Australia, which was the first jurisdiction to introduce a control order regime for â€Å"criminal organisations†. New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Victoria later followed this regime, however Tasmania and the ACT are the only remaining jurisdictions without a control order scheme targeting organised crime. The ACT does not appear in the table; but Tasmania does, because it has a legislative scheme for the making and enforcement of fortification warning and removal notices in place. The following is a brief history of recent events: †¢ February 2008 – the South Australian Government introduced the Serious and Organised Crime (Control) Bill 2007 †¢ September 2008 – the Serious and Organised Crime (Control) Act 2008 came into effect in SA. Under the Act, a group or club can be declared an organised crime group, which enables various orders to be made to restrict the movement and associations of the groups members. The legislation was introduced to specifically suppress motorcycle clubs, which are viewed by the South Australian Government to present a major organised crime threat in SA. Responses to the legislation were divided with a number of motorcycle clubs, academics, legal organisations and individuals strongly opposed to the legislation, which has been described as draconian and restricting human rights. †¢ March 2009 – a violent confrontation between members of the Hells Angels and Comancheros Motorcycle Clubs on 22 March resulted in the murder of Anthony Zervas at Sydney Airport. His brother, Hells Angel member Peter Zervas was shot and seriously injured in an attack a week later. These events were seen to be a culmination of escalating OMCG violence in New South Wales (NSW), which has included drive by shootings and the bombing of an OMCG club house. †¢ April 2009 The Crimes (Criminal Organisations) Control Act 2009 came into effect in NSW. The legislation was introduced as a direct response to OMCG violent criminal activity and provides a mechanism for declaring an organisation a criminal organisation and strengthens the capability of the New South Wales Crime Commission to take the proceeds of crime from these organisations and their associates. †¢ April 2009 – The Standing Committee of Attorney-Generals (SCAG) discussed a comprehensive national approach to combat organised and gang related crime and to prevent gangs from simply moving their operations interstate in response to public concern about the violent and illegal activities of outlaw motorcycle gangs. †¢ June 2009 – The Attorney-General, the Hon. Robert McClelland MP, introduced the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Serious and Organised Crime) Bill 2009 into Parliament on 24 June. The Bill provides for measures agreed to by state and territory Attorneys-General at their April meeting. The Attorney-General stated that the measures will: target the perpetrators and profits of organised crime and will provide our law enforcement agencies with the tools they need to combat the increasingly sophisticated methods used by organised crime syndicates. The most recent issues are from the arise of the new Firearms Laws particularly Bar Lock Out Laws. 2013 Fire Arms The Firearms and Criminal Groups Legislation Amendment Act 2013 (NSW) received assent on 23 October 2013. This legislation, when it commences, will: amend the Firearms Act 1996 (NSW) to empower police officers to enter and search premises occupied by a person who is subject to a firearms prohibition order to determine whether the person is complying with the order, to prohibit such persons from acquiring or possessing firearms, and from residing at premises where firearms are present, and from attending certain other places such as gun shops and shooting ranges and to create an offence to give possession of a firearm or firearm part to a person who is not authorised to possess it. Amend the Restricted Premises Act 1943 (NSW) to increase penalties for offences relating to reputed criminals attending premises and to allow police to search such premises for firearms and other weapons. Amend the Crime Commission Act 2012 (NSW) to enable the Crime Commission to investigate matters relating to the criminal activities of a specified criminal group. The NSW Parliament has passed legislation that will give police more power in managing criminal groups and firearm ownership. 2013 Bar Lock Out Law As part of wide ranging new legislation on outlaw motorcycle gangs, new obligations in the Liquor Act 1992 on licensees and their staff to not knowingly allow persons wearing or carrying prohibited items (such as outlaw motorcycle gangs colours6. ) into licensed premises. The new laws, which came into effect on 17 October 2013, provide that licensees, permittees, their employees and approved managers must not knowingly allow a person wearing or carrying a prohibited item into licensed premises (this includes, clubs, pubs, restaurants or any other licensed premises or premises to which a permit relates). The maximum penalty for a breach of this provision is $11,000. 00 (or up to $55,000. 00 for a corporation). The legislation in NSW stretched from Wollongong to Lake Entrance and was placed into action promptly as discussed in the Daily Telegraphs article â€Å"Pubs, clubs ban bikies’ colours†7. Some say its effective and others say it’s discriminative, for example the Shoalhaven police say its been effective in the reigon as shown in the abc’s article â€Å"Shoalhaven police say bans on bikies colours have been effective†8. Effectiveness The death of several people should not have to be the reason for review of organised crime laws, and shows that Australia attempts at preventing the problem have not been very successful. Although New South Wales has legislated specifically against organised crime, the murder in an airport9. area showed that the gangs are often willing to commit crimes even in highly monitored and policed zones in Australia. Laws are not enough to prevent and protect Australia from the increase in gang activity. Australian police and lawmakers should also look at countries such as the USA, where OMCG crime is even higher by copying the same successful tactics to prevent gang crime. Australian police should be able to combat and prevent organised crime. Some ideas include strict curfews in specific urban areas, high police awareness in identified gang areas, and anti-loitering laws.